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5
ENGLISH BOTANY
OR,
COLOURED FIGURES
O F
BRITISH PLANTS,
WITH THEIR
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS, SYNONYMS, AND PLACES OF GROWTH.
TO WHICH WILL BE ADDED,
OCCASIONAL REMARKS.
JAMES SO WE RET, F. L. S.
VOL. III.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR BY J. DAVIS,
And fold at No. 2, Mead Place, near the Afylum ; by Meflrs. White, Bookfellers, Fleet-ftreet j Johnson, St. Paul’s Church-yard ; DillY, in the Poultry; and by all Bookfellers &c. in Town and Country.
MDCCXCIV.
1 HlSTORtCAL
MEDICAL J
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PINGUICULA lufitanica.
Pale Butter-wort .
DIANDRIA Monogynia,
Gen. Char. Cor . ringent, (purred. Cal. two lipped, with five (egments. Capfule of one cell.
Spec. Char. Nedary blunt, fhorter than the petal.
Stalk hairy. Capfule globofe.
Syn. Pinguicula lufitanica. Linn. Sp. PI. 25. Ilud/. Ft. An. ed. 1.7.
P. villofa. Hudf. FI. An. ed. 2. 8. With. Bot. Arr.
17. Light/ FL Scot . 77. t. 6.
P. flore minore carneo. Raii Syn. * 281.
Dr. PULTENEY of Blandford Dorfetdure was fo obliging as to fend us living plants of this very intereding fpecies in the end of June lad, gathered on bogs in his neighbourhood, and we embrace with pleafure the opportunity of clearing up that obfeurity in which it has been enveloped.
The root is perennial. Leaves like thofe of other fpecies of this genus, but rather more delicate and pellucid, reticulated with red veins, and much involute in the margin. Stalks hairy, efpeciallyin their lower part, withfhort fpreadingglandular hairs tipped with a vifeid fluid. Flowers a little nodding. Calyx fcarcely two-lipped, but aimed equally 5-cleft. Tube of the corolla nearly cylindrical, yellow dreaked with red ; limb in 5 equal obcordate fpreading fegments, of a pale lilac ; orifice hairy ; fpur inflated at the bafe, then contracted, terminating in a very blunt conical figure, and when dried (the only date in which Linnaeus faw it) much thicker at the end than at the middle, dreaked with red. Stamina flattifh. Germen hairy. Stigma blunt, excavated on the upper fide. Capfule perfectly globular, crowned with the withered digma.
That this is the real P. lufitanica we learn from Portuguefe fpecimens compared with thofe of Grifley, after which probably (feen in fome herbarium ) Linnaeus deferibed it, for he had it not in his own. That it is P. villofa of Lightfoot appears from a fpecimen'from Skye, given to Dr. Smith by the Rev. Mr. Stuart, as well as from the figure in Flo. Scot. Neither can there be any doubt of its being what Ray and Hudfon intended.
The better to didinguifh this fpecies from others we may remark that P. vulgaris has an unequal limb, fharp flender fpur, and oval capfule : P. alpina a very (hort conical fpur, and a long rodrated capfule : P. villofa a flender fharp fpur, and obcordate comprefled capfule, with (hort round leaves. Its hairy (talk and regular limb agree nearly with P. lufitanica , but the villofa is the fmaller in all its parts.
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P Y R O L A uniflora.
Single-flowered Winter-green .
DECANDRIA Monogyn'ta.
Gen. Char. Cal 5- cleft. Petals 5. Capjule 5-cellec^ burfting at the angles.
Spec. Char. Stalk bearing a folitary flower.
Syn. Pyrola uniflora. Linn . Sp. PL 568. FL Dan. t . 8. very incorredt.
P. fcapo unifloro. Hal!. Hift. 101 1.
P. quarta minima Clufii. Ger.em. 408.
HEAVING in the preceding page determined an obfcure plant, we hope in this to afford the Britifh botanift no lefs pleafure in prefenting him with a new one. Pyrola uniflora, though a native of the Lapland, Norway, German and Swifs alps, was never fuppofed to grow in our ifland till James Brodie Efq. of Brodie-houfe in Scotland found it in that neighbour- hood laft fummer, when alfo Mr. James Hoy F. L. S. fent it to the Linnean Society from near Gordon Caftle. Both thefe gentlemen we believe are equally entitled to the honour of its firft difcovery \ to the former we are indebted for recent wild fpecimens.
This Pyrola is found in moift alpine woods : its long branched perennial roots run deep among the mofs, which in fuch places is watered by numerous little rills. Every part is fmooth. The Item fhort, Ample, angular, fet with a few alternate con- cave fcales, and bearing feveral roundifh, more or lefs obtufe, ferrated, veiny, petiolate leaves. Stalk terminal, eredt, much longer than the ftem, angular, bearing feldom more than one concave bradfea, with a folitary flower of great elegance, compared by Clufius to that of the Parnaffia (t. 82), and poffeff- ing all the fragrance of Lily of the valley. This flower is in perfection about July. Its corolla is fometimes ftreaked ex- ternally with red, as is the calyx. Linnaeus and Haller have well obferved that the ftamina are not placed regularly with refpedl to the petals, fome of the latter having 3 ftamina next them, others 2, and others but 1. The antherae are of a moft curious figure, 4-lobed, with two tubes at the bafe by which probably the pollen is difcharged. The ftigma refembles a 5-rayed crown.
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A L T H iE A officinalis.
Marjh Mallow .
MO NADE LP HI A Polyandria.
Gen. Char. Cal. double ; the external one in about 9 fegments. Arilli numerous, each containing one feed.
Spec. Char. Leaves fimple, downy, flightly globed. Syn. Althaea officinalis. Linn. Sp . PL 966. HudJ. FI. An. 306. IVith. Bot. Arr. 735. Relh. Cant. 264. A. vulgaris. Raii Syn. 252.
SaLT marlhes, and banks of ditches in the fens afford Marffi Mallows in great abundance. We are obliged to Mr. Jacob Rayer for this wild fpecimen from Woldham marfh, Kent. It flowers from July to September.
The roots are perennial, long and woody, abounding (as well as the herb) with a pure taltelefs colourlefs mucilage, for which reafon its decodbion is much ufed in diforders of the kidneys or bladder, and in all cafes where emollients are wanted. The Hems are numerous, upright, two or three feet high, round, naked below and purplilh ; in the upper part covered with numerous alternate leaves, various in breadth, more or lefs evidently 5-lobed and 5-ribbed, unequally ferrated in the margin. From their bofoms arife fhort denfe panicles of not inelegant pale purplilh flowers. The outer calyx has often 10 or even 12 divifions, though generally but 9. Nothing can exceed the delicately foft pubefcence which clothes every part of this herb, and which confifts of minute, ftarry hairs entangled with each other.
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URTICA pilulifera.
Roman Nettle .
M O N O E CIA Eetrandria .
Gen. Char. Male. Cal . 4-leaved. Cor. none. Nellary in the centre, cup-fhaped. Female. Cal. 2 -leaved. Cor. none. Seed one, polifhed.
Spec. Char. Leaves oppofite, ovate, ferrated. Cat- kins of fruit globofe.
Syn. Urtica pilulifera. Linn. Sp . PL 1395. Hud/. FL An. 417. With . Bot. Arr. 1070.
U. pilulifera, folio profundius Urticse majoris in modum ferrato, femine magno lini. Rail Syn. 140.
SeNT by Dawfon Turner Efq. in July lafl from Yarmouth, where, as in various parts of the Norfolk and Suffolk coaft, this kind of nettle is found growing abundantly among rubbifh and flones. Its fling is more painful than either of our com- mon fpecies whofe flru£lure is fo well illuflrated by Mr. Curtis in his Flora Londinenfis.
This is an annual of very luxuriant growth, about 2 feet high, Item obtufely angular, often purple. Leaves on longifh foot-flalks, ovate, fometimes heart-fhaped, pointed, very flrongly ferrated, paler beneath. Flower-ftalks axillary, in pairs, thofe of the male flowers panicled. Their calyx is of four equal leaves. Stamina fpreading. Suppofed nedlary an obfolete concave tubercle in the centre. Female flowers in a round head. Calyx of two hemifpherical valves clofely em- bracing the germen, and holding the feed till quite ripe. Seed oval, dark brown, highly polifhed.
Our fpecimens feem intermediate between thofe of U. pilu- lifera and U. balearica in the Linnean herbarium, and not- withflanding the opinion of Profeifor Murray (fee Withering } we believe thefe fpecies not to be diflindl. U. Dodartii appears different enough from both.
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CREPIS biennis. Rough Succory HawkweeJ •
STNGENESJA Polygamia-aqualis .
Gen. Char. Recept . naked. Ctf/y* {unrounded with deciduous fcales. Down fimple, generally on a footftalk.
Spec. Char. Leaves runcinato-pinnatifid, rough, furnifhed at the bafe with teeth pointing upwards. Calyx briftly.
Syn. Crepis biennis. Linn . Sp. PL 1136. Relb. Cant . 296. With . Bot. Arr . 835.
Hedypnois biennis. Hudf. FL An. 342. Hieracium maximum Chondrillse folio afperum. Rail Syn . 166.
F OUND in a chalky foil, and communicated from near Bury by William Mathew Efq. The root is biennial, fpindle- fhaped, flowering about June or July of the fecond year. Stem ereCt, three or four feet high or more, angular, rough, leafy, branched in the upper part, often purplifh below. Radical leaves feveral, on long purplifh footftalks, obovate, lyrato-den- tate ; thofe on the lower part of the flem runcinate, with many fmall fharp fcattered teeth *, the uppermoft leaves more deeply pinnatifid, feflile, dilated and half embracing the ftem at their bafe, with feveral fharp afcending teeth. All the leaves are rough, efpecially their midribs beneath, with pro- jecting briftles. Many alternate flower-ftalks terminate the ftem, the lowermoft branched, making a fort of corymbus, each with a linear leaf at its bafe. The external calyx is lax, fomewhat membranous in the margin, flightly briftly on the back, and half as long as the inner one, which is ereCt, more briftly on the back, and woolly at the bafe. The corolla is ex- ternally reddifh. Florets 5-toothed, doling in the afternoon. Styles brownifh. Seeds flriated, and fo much lengthened out into a beak that the down may almoft be called ftipitate. This down appears rough when highly magnified — Sometimes, as Dr. Stokes well remarks, the calyx is fmooth or nearly fo, which is partly the cafe in Linnaeus’s own Scanian fpecimens.
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ASPLENIUM Ruta-muraria.
White Maiden-hair or Wall-rue.
CRTPTOGAMIA Filiccs.
Gen. Char. Fructifications in fcattered lines. Invo- lucrum originating laterally from a vein, and burft- ing inwardly (that is towards the nerve). Smith Mem . of the Turin Acad. Vol. 3.
Spec. Char. Frond alternately twice compound ;
leaflets wedge-fliaped notched.
Syn. Afpienium Ruta-muraria. Linn. Sp. PI. 1541.
HudJ. FI. An. 453. With. Bot . Arr. V. 3. 33.
Relh . Cant. 389.
Pviita muraria. Raii Syn. 122.
Old walls and Ihady rocks produce this little fern not un- frequently, varying much in fize according to the degree of nourilhment, or rather moifture, that it meets with. The frudlifications may be found early in fummer in the belt ftate for examination, when the membrane which covers each line is about to burft. The genera of ferns can only be determined in that early ftate, as many whofe involucra are widely different have the back of their fronds covered in an advanced ftate with one confufed mafs of capfules, and have hence been errone- oufly referred to the genus of Acroftichum, as even the plant before us might be if only feen in fuch a ftate. This is not one of the moft eafy to be determined in any ftate, but if care- fully examined it will be found that the membrane always burfts towards an adjoining vein or nerve, and never towards the margin of the leaf without an intervening vein.
The root is perennial, of many dark thready fibres. Stalks upright. Fronds thick and rigid, a little inclined, of a dark glaucous green, fmooth in every part. Involucrum notched in the margin.
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CINERARIA paluftris.
Marjh Flea-wort .
S TNGENESIA Polygamla-fuperflua.
Gen. Char, Receptacle naked. Seed- down fimple. Cal, fimple, of many equal fcales.
Spec. Char. Flowers corymbofe. Leaves broadly lanceolate, denoted or fmuated. Stem fhaggy. Syn. Cineraria paluftris. Linn. Sp. PI. 1243. Hudf. FI. An. 369. With. Bot. Arr. 919, Relb. Cant. 320.
Conyza foliis laciniatis. Raii Syn. 1 74.
I HIS, though by no means a common plant, is found in many ditches and wet marfhy places in the fens. Mr. Woodward favoured us with this fpecimen in the middle of June laft from near Hadifcoe in Norfolk ; it grows alfo on St. Faith’s Newton bogs near Norwich.
The large fibrous perennial root runs deep into the muddy bottoms of ditches, and throws up high above the furface of the water one very {tout principal Item, with a few lefler ones, all of them ere£t, unbranched, with many angles and ftriated between, clothed with thick foft fhaggy hair, covered from top to bottom with numerous alternate lanceolate leaves, and terminated by a leafy corymbus of bright yellow flowers with lemon-coloured rays. The leaves are {lightly vifcid and hairy, irregularly dentated, and often finuated. The flowers agree perfectly with the character of Cineraria, though once referred by Linnaeus to the genus Othonna. All the hairs of this plant are pellucid, and finely jointed like a Conferva.
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CINERARIA integrifolia.
Mountain Flea-wort .
SYNGE N E S I A P olygamia-fuperjlua.
Gen. Char. Recept . naked. Downi imple. CW. (im-
ple, of many equal feales.
Spec. Char. Leaves oblong, obfoletely denticulated, (baggy. Flowers in a Ample involucrated umbel. Syn. Cineraria integrifolia. With. Bet . Arr. 920. Murr. Syft. ed . 14. (/2 pratenfis) 765. 7^. P/. t. 180.
C. alpina. HudJ. FL An. 370. Ca;:t. 320.
Ziw*. £/>. P/. (var. v) 1243.
Jacobzea Pannonica folio non laciniato. Rail Syn .
1 78.
(jrATHERED by the Rev. Mr. Hemfted on Gogmagog hills and Newmarket heath, where, as on many other chalky downs of England, this plant is to be found flowering in May and June.
Root long and thready, perennial. Radical leaves nume- rous, fpreading on the ground, ovate, fpatulate, or obovate occafionally, generally lengthened out at the bafe, reflexed and denticulated in the margin, clothed with loofe (baggy wool ; thofe on the (tern differ in being narrower, and alternate. Stem from fix to twelve inches high, ere£l, Ample, furrowed, woolly, bearing a few pedunculated flowers in a Ample umbel, with an invoiucium of a few lanceolate, pointed, almoft naked, leaves. The feales of the calyx are nearly naked, and have a membranous margin. Seeds hairy. Down Ample, roughilh. The florets of the radius are generally broadefl in the middle, or nearly oval.
Cineraria alpina a Linn . Sp. PI. is Senecio alpinus of the Suppl. p. 371, a very different plant, whofe hiftory in the lad mentioned place is terribly confufed, No. 67 of Haller being Senecio Doronicum, and No. 68 our Cineraria integrifolia. No. 63 of Haller is (according to Mr. Davall) its true fynonym.
Our plant never approaches the appearance of C. integrifolia «, alpina, Murr. & Jacq. t. 1 79, nor can we fuppofe that variety to belong to any thing elfe than Jacquin’s C. longi- folia, t. 1 8 1.
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SALVIA pratenfis.
Meadow Clary .
D I A N D R I A Monogynia.
Gen. Char, Cor . irregular. Filaments attached late- rally to a little footftalk.
Spec. Char. Leaves oblong, heart-fhaped at the bafe, crenated ; the uppermoft embracing the ftem. Braden minute. Summit of the corolla gluti- nous.
Syn. Salvia pratenfis. Linn. Sp. PL 35. Hudf. FL An. 10. With. Bot. Arr. 21.
Sclarea pratenfis foliis ferratis. Raii Syn. 237.
Th E meadow clary is one of our more fpecious, as well as of our moft fcarce plants of Britifli growth. Mr. Jacob Rayer gathered this fpecimen near Cobham in Kent, the feat of Lord Darnley. Dr. Stokes mentions it as common in Surry and Suf- fex ; we have had it too from Oxfordfhire. It flowers in June’ and cannot eafily be overlooked.
Root perennial. Leaves oblong, nearly fmooth, irregularly crenated, wrinkled and veiny ; the radical, and lower ftem- leaves, on longifh footftalks, and fometimes finuated ; the up- permoft feflile, embracing the ftem, fharply pointed. Long whorled fpikes of large blue flowers ^6 of them in a whorl) terminate the ftem and branches, with a pair of very fmall heart-fhaped, acuminated bradtese to each whorl, whence Lin- naeus defines it verticillis fubnudisy the bracteae being fo much lefs confpicuous than in moft other fpecies. The flower-ftalks and calyx, as well as the apex of the corolla, are hairy and vif- cid. This is not a very aromatic fpecies.
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S A LV I A verbenaca. Wild Englijh Clary .
DIANDRIA Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cor . irregular. Filaments attached late- rally to a little footftalk.
Spec. Char. Leaves ferrated, fmoothifh. Corolla much more contradted than the calyx.
Syn. Salvia verbenaca. Linn, Sp. PL 35. Hudf. FL An . 10. With . Bot . Arr. 22. Relh . Cant. 10. Horminum fylveftre Lavandula flore. Raii Syn.
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Common on chalky and gravelly foils, as about Charlton. The whole plant is of a deeper green than Salvia pratenfis, and the flowers of a darker blueifh purple ; they are alfo much f mailer, and by far lefs confpicuous.
The root is perennial, ftrong and woody. Radical leaves on footflalks, finuated and crenate ; thofe on the Item feflile, fharp- iy and grofsly ferrated. Bradfese entire, heart-flhaped, acute, larger in proportion to the flowers than in S. pratenfis. The flowers appear in June, and may be found even till October. Our figure exprefles their ftrudture.
The herb and flowers prove very aromatic upon being rub- bed. The feeds are black and fmooth, producing a great quantity of foft taftelefs mucilage when moiftened, whence they become ferviceable for removing extraneous matter from the eyes. If put under the eyelid for a few moments, the tears diflblve their mucilage, which envelops any fand or dull that may be in the way, and brings it out fafely. Gerarde has noticed this.
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LI CHEN fanguinarius.
Sanguineous Lichen .
CRTPTOGA MIA Aha,
o
Gen. Char. Male, fcattered warts.
Female, fmooth fhields or tubercles, in which the feeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Cruftaceous, white and polifhed. Tuber- cles black, destitute of a border, bright red within. Syn. Lichen fanguinarius. Linn, Sp, PL 1607. Hudf, FI, An, 524.
Gathered copioufly by Dr. Smith on the granite rocks of Cromford Moor near Matlock, though rare elfewhere. We have been very fparing of fynonyms to this fpecies, becaufe fcarcely any author feems to have underftood it. Linnaeus con- founded together feveral fpecies of Lichen, under the name of fanguinarius, which in our opinion are diftinbt, efpecially one with a thin greyifh ground, and marginated tubercles, found on the bark of fmooth young trees, and another with a thick greeniffi cruft, found on rocks. In thisMeflrs. Hudfon, Light- foot, Relhan and Withering follow him without any dis- crimination. W e fhould diffent from thefe refpeclable autho- rities with great diffidence, if they appeared to have examined the matter at all. What we here offer is the true L. fangui- narius, on the authority of the ciefcription in Sp. PI. ed. 1 and 2, as well as of the Linn. Herbarium (in which there is a fpeci- men of it on the bark of a tree), and may be certainly diftin- guiffied by the following marks : —
The cruft is white and polifhed, not mealy, often of a confi- derable thicknefs, its furface confifting of minute uneOjUal knobs or ruga, its fubftance very white internally, though fometimes ftained with a moft vivid vermilion hue. The tubercles are very various in fize, flat, and imbedded at firft among the ine- qualities of the cruft, but foon rifing above it, and becoming very convex, even globofe, without any perceptible border, very black, fcarcely {hining. If their black furface be pared off, a thicker layer of grey appears, and under that a mixture of white and red, appearing to be the cruft of the plant elevated into the centre of the tubercle, and fo becoming more conftantly (though not infallibly) red than it is of itfelf in other parts.
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LICHEN tartareus.
Tarlareous Lichen ,
C RT P T O G A MI A Alga.
Gen. Char. Male, feattered warts.
Female, fmooth fhields or tubercles, in which the feeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Cruftaceous, whitifh. Shields yellow, with a white margin.
Syn. Lichen tartareus. Linn, Sp, PI, 1608. Hudf, FI, An, 529. With, Bot. Arr, V, 3. 180.
Lichenoides cruftaceum et leprofum, acetabulis majoribus luteis, limbis argenteis. Rail Syn, 71. Bill, Mujc . 132. t. 18 ./. 13.
REQUENT on rocks in Scotland and the north of England. This is the largeft of our cruftaceous Lichens. The cruft has a tuberculated furface, and is externally of a greyifh white, though fnow-white within. In thicknefs it varies from an in- feparable film running over moffes and turf, and affirming their form, to a folid fubftance of full a quarter of an inch or more. Its diameter is often 6, 8 or 10 inches. The fhields are from a line to half an inch in breadth, flat, fmooth, not fhining, of a yellowifh buff-colour, with a white elevated, often rugged, margin. Thefe fhields prove occafionally proliferous, or aggre- gate.
Lichen tartareus may be known, even without fructification, by a peculiar pungent alkaline fmell when moiftened. It is much ufed in dyeing. The gatherers carefully choofe fuch fpe- cimens as are of a firm denfe texture, and they never fcrape the fame rock oftener than once in five years. It is prepared for ufe with volatile alkali and alum, but the exaCt procefs is kept a fe- cret by the manufacturers at Glafgow. When fold to the Dyers, it appears in the form of a purple powder, called Cudbear (a cor- ruption of Cuthbert, the name of its inventor). This powder being boiled with woollen yarn, communicates its colour to it, but not to vegetable fubftances. The colour is far from per- manent. See Dr. Smith’s Tour on the Continent , vol. 1 , p, 198.
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GERANIUM rotundifolium. Doves-foot CraneJbilL
MO NAD E L P HI A Decandria .
Gen. Char. Style one. Cor. of 5 petals, regular. Nell ary 5 glands at the bafe of the longer Aamina. Fruit beaked, feparating into 5 arilli, each tipped with a long fimple naked awn.
Spec. Char. Stalks two-flowered. Petals entire, the length of the calyx. Stem fpreading. Leaves kid- ney fhaped, cut. Arillus even, -hairy. Seeds reti- culated.
Syn. Geranium rotundifolium. Linn . Sp. PI. 057. HudJ. FL An. 303. With. Bot. Arr. 732.
G. columhinum majus, flore minore cteruleo. Rail Syn . 358.
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F ROM under a wall near Hackney, gathered by Mr. E. For- fter jun. who has alfo found it about Illington, and at Church Bramton in Norfhamptonlhire. This is one of the leaft general of our Cranelbills, though abundant in quantity where it does grow.
This fpecies is annual, and flowers in June and July. The Hems are much branched, ftraggling, but fcarcely proftrate. Every part of the herb is clothed with a velvet-like downinefs, very foft to the touch. The leaves are more round than in fome other common fpecies ; their colour paler. It is, however, needlefs to recur to the vague marks of diftindfion given by all authors, as the pundlated or reticulated feeds diftinguifh this from all its allied fpecies, efpecially from the pufilium, with which its arillus fome what agrees ; though even in that part they may be diftinguifhed, the hairs on the arillus of puflllum being clofe prejfed, not fpreading. The arillus of molle differs from both in being very rugged, and not even, in its furface. That of pyrenaicum is even, fharply carinated, and fcarcely pu- befcent at all.
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P Y R O L A minor.
Lejfer Winter-green .
DR C A N D R 1 A Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cal. 5-clefu. Petals 5. Cap/ule 5-cel led, burfting at the angles.
Spec. Char. Flowers in a racemus, fcattered. Sta- mina fpreading every way. Style (Iraight.
Syn. Pyrola minor. Linn. Sp . Pl. 567. Hudf. FL An. 176. With . Bot . Arr. 429. Rail Syn. 363.
OENT from Scotland along with Pyrola uniflora (t. 146) by James Brodie Efq. It is rather an alpine plant, occurring in mountainous forefts, though even found in Stoken-church woods Oxfordfhire. Dillenius well obferves, that this is really more common than the P. rotundifolia, called by old authors vulgaris , and fufpecls they may often have been confounded, as they certainly were by Ray. Dr. Smith found them fo in Mr. Lightfoot’s herbarium, though fo diftindl in the form and po- rtion of their (lamina and piftilla, as we hope to demonftrate when we can obtain a wild fpecimen of P. rotundifolia.
The plant now figured has a perennial branchy root, produ- cing a few (hort, angular, leafy ftems. The leaves are round- ifh, obtufe, obfoletely ferrated, of a hard firm texture, fmooth, on longifh, angular, and often webbed, footftalks. The (talk is eredl, about 6 inches high, triangular, fmooth, terminating in a fimple upright bunch of white or reddifh flowers, (lancing on (hort footftalks, and pointing every way. The bradleae lan- ceolate, (landing folitary at the bafe of each footftalk. Calyx fmall. Petals concave, veiny. Stamina fpreading from their bafe, then eredl. Antherse roundilh, with two holes at their lower part, but not, as in P. uniflora, protruded into tubes. Germen roundilh, with five furrows. Style Ample, (hort, eredl, nearly on a level with the (lamina. Stigma fmall, five-lobed.
This fpecies, planted by Mr. Lightfoot, is in a manner natura- lized in the Duke of Portland’s fine wood at Bulftrode.
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[ *S9 ]
NYMPH jE A lutea.
Yellow Water-Lily.
POL T A N JD P I A Moncgynia .
Gen. Char. Cal. of 4 or 5 leaves. Petals numerous. Berry of many cells, truncated.
Spec. Char. Leaves heart-fhaped, entire. Calyx five- leaved, much exceeding the corolla.
Syn. Nymphsea lutea. Linn. Sp. PL HudJ. FI. An. 234. With. Bot. Arr. 354. Relh . Cant. 205* Rail Syn . 368.
A VERY general inhabitant of rivers and large pools, flower- ing about the middle of fummer very copioufly. Root peren- nial, running deep into the mud. Leaves radical, on roundifh footftalks flattened on one fide, which are longer or fhorter ac- cording to the depth of the water, the leaf itfelf floating upon the furface, to which its under fide is clofely applied, while the upper remains dry. A remarkable line or furrow runs from the infertion of the footftalk to the tip of the leaf ; the margin is entire. The flowers, as Ray obferves, fmell like brandy, whence they are vulgarly called in Norfolk brandy-bottles . The calyx is of five large obovate concave yellow leaves, green ex- ternally towards the bafe. Petals much fnorter, numerous, re- curved, very obtufe, thick and flefhy, yellow with an orange fpot, Stamina and antherse recurved, moftly uniform. Ger- men round and fmooth. Style fcarcely any. Stigma flattifh, umbilicated, radiated, each ray anfwering to a cell in the berry; which is fpongy, full of farinaceous feeds, not unlike thofe of Millet, but larger. All the ftamina, as well as the petals, are inferted into the receptacle, not into the germen.
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[ l6° 3
NYMP H M A alba.
White Water-Lily .
POL TA N D R I A M'onogynia.
Gen. Char. Cal . of 4 or 5 leaves. Petals numerous.
Berry of many cells, truncated.
Spec. Char. Leaves heart-fhaped, entire. Calyx four- leaved.
Syn. Nymphaea alba. Linn. Sp. PL 729. Hud/. FI. An. 234. With . Bot . Arr. 355. Relh. Cant. 206,
Rail Syn. 368.
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JLNDIA may boafl her Palm-trees, and America her Magnolias, but the latter fcarcely exceed our Nymphaea in magnificence j and the moft noble and celebrated of all Indian productions is in fadl a Water-lily, Nymphaea Nelumbo. That, however, does not more excell the other vegetables of its country, than this every Bririfh plant befides. It has altogether the air of a Tropical production.
Though by far lefs common than the lutea, this kind is not rare in fome parts of England. It flowers at the fame time with that fpecies, and agrees with it very much in root and leaves, except in being larger. The flower indeed is widely different. The calyx of four leaves only, which are lanceo- late, and more fpreading, white, often tinged at the bafe with a light blufh-colour. Petals nearly as large, lanceolate, in feveral rows, gradually leflening and running into the flami- na, fo that the line of diflindlion can hardly be drawn between them, the filaments of the outer rows of {lamina being dilated into a lanceolate form, and having but the rudiments of anthe- rse. Both petals and (lamina are inferted upon the germen in circles even to its fummit. The ftigma is very different from that of N. lutea, being deeply cloven, and its fegments recur- ved. Thefe flowers have no fmell, and when gathered they fade very foon. They eafily preferve their form and colour in drying between paper, though fo very fuccuient. The ftalks are full of large tubes, in which are numerous white hairs.
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[ i6i ]
CARDUUS acaulis.
Dwarf Thifllc .
STNGENES I A P olygamia-aquaTu .
Gen. Char. Cal . ovate, imbricated with fpinous fcales. Receptacle hairy.
Spec. Char. Stem wanting. Calyx fmooth.
Syn. Carduus acaulis. Linn. Sp. PL 1156. HudJ. FI. An. 334. IVith. Bot. Arr . 877. Relb. Cant.
3°7-
Carlina acaulis minore purpureo flore. Raii Syn .
x95*
1 HIS fpecies of Carduus occurs in gravelly and chalky paf- tures and commons, very abundantly in Norfolk, though by no means a general Englifh plant. Its large red flowers, which are feldom more than one upon each plant, are very confpicuous, (landing clofe to the root in the centre of many wide-fpreading dep refled leaves, which fometimes form a cir- cle of near a foot in diameter, and are fo clofely applied to the ground that nothing can grow beneath them. Thefe leaves are fmooth and fhining, of a deep green, pinnatifid, much lobed, and very fpinous. Scales of the calyx narrow, fmooth, rather obtufe, (lightly fpinous, fometimes minutely ciliated to- wards the top. Flower ere£l, deep crimfon, appearing in July Or Auguft. The root is (Irong, woody, and perennial.
When cultivated in a garden the habit of the plant grows more lax, and a Item is produced, fome inches in height, and branched, bearing feveral flowers. The fame thing happens to the Carlina acaulis of the fouth of Europe.
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[ 162 j
HYMENOPHYLLUM Tunbridgenfe.
Tunbridge Filmy-leaf.
CRYPTO G AM I A Filices.
Gen. Char. Fructifications inferted into the margin of the frond, diftinCl. Involucrum two-valved, flat- tifh, ftraight, opening outwards, longer than the Column . Smith Mem . of the Turin Acad . Vol. 5. Spec. Char. Fronds alternately bipinnate, decurrent, fharply ferrated as well as the involucrum. Fruc- tifications folitary at the upper edge of the bafe of each general divifion of the frond.
Syn. Trichomanes Tunbridgenfe. Linn . Sp. PL 1561. HudJ . FI. An. 461. With . Bot . Arr. Vol. 3. 6j. Adiantum pemeum perpufillum Anglicum, foliis bifidis vel trifidis. Rati Syn. 123.
Gathered near Tunbridge by Mr. T. F. Forfter jun. It grows alfo in Wales, Weftmorland, and the north parts of Yorldhire, on horizontal moift rocks, which it clothes in large tufts. Mr. Lightfoot mentions this fpecies as common in Scotland. The flender wiry roots fpread very far, throwing out fibres here and there, and producing numerous upright leaves or fronds, which when fometimes dried up in fummer curl backwards. Their fubltance is extremely membranous and pellucid, appearing finely reticulated under a microfcope, as in all this genus (and in the real Trichomanes), their feg- ments linear, obtufe, fharply ferrated, and having a ftrong fim- ple central rib. The fructifications, when they occur, take place of the firft fegment of each pinna or general divifion of the frond, each terminating its appropriate nerve, and point- ing upwards. Their involucrum is of two flightly concave valves, arifing from the fubftance of the leaf, irregularly notch- ed and ferrated in their margin. Between thefe is a fhort column, befet with fmall round bivalve capfules, each embra- ced with an elaftic ring as in the more common ferns.
The bivalve involucrum and fhort column, fo diftinCt from the urn-fhaped undivided involucrum, and long column or ftyle, » of the true Trichomanes, have induced Dr. Smith to eftablifh this new genus in his Diflertation on Ferns, printed by the Aca- demy of Turin. We have attempted to give it an Englifti name, which is a tranflation of its Greek one.
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[ ««3 ]
CYATHEA incifa.
Laciniated Cup-fern .
CRTPTOGAMIA Filices .
Gen. Char. Fructifications {q attered, roundifh, growing out of an hemifpherical calyx, which burfts at the top without an operculum. Smith Mem . of the Turin Acad . Fi?/. 5.
Spec. Char. Frond lanceolate, bipinnate, pinnatifid; its fegments lobed, obtufe, and beardiefs. Stalk flightly winged. Calyx lacerated, arid turned to one fide.
W E received this fern from a wall near Walthamftow, where it was found by Mr. T. F. Forfter jun. who thinks it diftinct from Cyathea fragilis (Polypodium fragile of Linnaeus). We dare not pofitively affert it to be fo, but rather offer it for the confideration of botanifls converfant with this intricate tribe. The chief difference confifts in the divifions of the leaves of our fern being obtufe, and perfectly deflitute of the briflly point obfervable in the other. There is alfo fome dif- ference in their habit and appearance, and the fructification of the fragilis is blacker. We have been inclined to believe ours the P. regium of Linnaeus ; but the original fpecimen of that in the Cliffortian herbarium has a triangular, not lanceolate, frond. Neither is ours P. alpinum of Jacquin, the divifions of which are linear, or nearly fo.
With refpeCt to the generic character, we hope to give a more clear idea of it in figuring C. fragilis, as in this the parts are too minute, and the ftruCture too obfcure ; but it is effen- tial to the genus that the young capfules are enveloped in a globular membrane, ‘which goes underneath them> and burfts either at the top, in an even or lacerated manner, or at the fide (fig. 1.) as in this fpecies and fome others.
In fome fpecimens the fronds are broader and more dila- ted than thofe we have drawn.
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[ 1 64 ]
CUCUBALUS Behen.
Bladder Campion.
DEC AND R I A Trigynia.
Gen. Char. Cal. fwelling. Petals five, furnifhed with claws, not crowned at the mouth. Caff, three- celled.
Spec. Char. Calyx nearly globular, fmooth, reticu- lated with veins. Leaves ovato-lanceolate, glan-
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cous, fmooth.
Syn. Cucubalus Behen. Linn. Sp. PL 591. Hudf FI. An. 186. Wi th. Bot. Arr. 445. Relh. Cant. 168. Lychnis fylveftris, quse Ben album vulgo. Raii Syn. 337.
K OUND every where in corn-fields, paftures, and by way- fides, flowering abundantly in the middle and latter part of fummer, and thriving though frequently covered with dull. It appears to molt advantage in a chalky foil.
Root perennial. Radical leaves in tufts, fpatulate ; thofe on the Item lanceolate or ovate ; all of them entire, pliable and fomewhat fucculent, glaucous, with a very green pulp, moflly fmooth, though fometimes ciliated and a little hairy. The Item is round, fmooth and glaucous, a foot or two in height, ere£t, leafy, dichotomoufly panicled. The flowers on {lender foot-ftalks, nodding, numerous, with fcarcely any fmell. Ca- lyx inflated, and beautifully veined with purple and green. Pe- tals white, quite deftitute of a crown. The antherae are fometimes liable to a difeafe, becoming large and fwelled, and producing a vaft quantity of barren purple duft, inftead of the true pollen, with which the petals are often ftained fo as to be difcoverable at a great diftance. Dr. Withering fays the leaves boiled may be eaten as peas.
Whether the Silene amcena of our Britifh authors (widely different from that of Linnaeus) be only a variety of this plant, as the laft-mentioned writer thought, or really a diftin^b fpe- cies and genus, we {hall at fome future time endeavour to de- termine.
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[ *65 ]
A TRIPLEX laciniata*
Fro/led Sea Or ache.
POLTGAM1A Monoecia .
Gen* Char. Hermaphrodite. CaL 5-leaved. Cor . none. Stam. 5. Style cloven. Seed 1, depreffed.
Female* CaL 2 -leaved. Cor . none. Style cloven. Seed i, comprefTed.
Spec. Char. Stem herbaceous, fpreading. Leaves trowel- fhaped, angular and dentated, very mealy beneath.
Syn* Atriplex laciniata. Linn. Sp. PL 1494. HudJ FL An. 442. JVith. Bot. Arr . 1143. Light f. Flo . Scot . 636. DickJ . Hort. ficc. fajc. 4. n. 15.
A. maritima. Kali Syn. 152.
Gathered laft Auguft on the beach near Landguard- fort by Dr. Smith, who alfo found it plentifully at Leith near Edinburgh. This is the real Atriplex laciniata of Linnaeus, though the defcription in Sp. PI. ed. 2, does not altogether ac- cord with our Britifh fpecimens, owing to that defcription hav- ing been made from the confideration of feveral fpecimens in the Linnaean herbarium which to us appear diftindt fpecies. Mr. Lightfoot’s and Mr. Woodward's defcriptions are good j but we cannot agree with Mr. Hudfon in referring any of the va- rieties of our plant to the A. tatarica, though poflibly fome of the above-mentioned fpecimens, defcribed by Linnaeus for la- ciniata, may belong to tatarica.
Our laciniata is a very diltindfc and eafily difcriminated fpe- cies. Its Item is round, always fpreading, generally proftrate, much branching, and more or lefs zigzag, by no means wand- like ( virgatus ), its colour white or reddifh. Leaves moftly al- ternate, more or lefs triangular, but lengthened out at the bafe, deeply and unequally toothed and finuated, though not properly laciniated, clothed (efpecially beneath) with white filvery fcales, which likewife appear on other parts of the plant. Even the hermaphrodite flowers are fcarcely fpiked, and the female ones are axillarv. The feed of the former we have not found in per- fection. The calyx of the latter grows very large, and is ge- nerally furnifhed with lateral protuberances *, it enclofes a large comprefled fmooth feed. The root is annual, and thrives in the pure fand of the fea-fhore
[ *66 ]
S A G I N A ceraftoides. Mouf e-ear Pearl-wort •
jT E T R AND R I A Tetragynia .
Gen. Char. Cal. 4-leaved. Petals 4. Cap/, with 4 cells and 4 valves.
Spec. Char. Stem diffufe and dichotomous. Leaves fpatulate or obovate, recurved. Foot-ftalks of the ripe fruit reflexed.
Syn. Sagina ceraftoides. Lranf. of Linn. Soc. Vol. 2. 343-
Mr . James Dickfon, who difcovered this plant on the fandy (hores and rocks about the Firth of Forth in Scotland, flow- ering in June and July, laid it before the Linnsean Society in October laft ; and from his Specimens, both wild and cul- tivated, Dr. Smith has drawn up a full defcription, printed in the 2d volume of the Society’s Tranfadtions, juft about to appear.
The habit of this plant is very like that of a Ceraftium, but the number of the parts of fructification make it a Sagina, to which genus it therefore mult be referred, as the genera in this natural order are founded on differences of number alone. Mr. Dickfon has obferved the number of ftamina to be con- ftantly four in the wild plant : truth obliges us to declare we have in cultivated very luxuriant fpecimens fometimes found five, though in the fame flower the petals, calyx-leaves and ftyles were but four ; a fufficient indication that the fifth ftamen was an unnatural luxuriance.
The root appears to be annual. Stems proftrate, dichoto- mous, hairy in the upper part. Leaves like thofe of a Ce- raftium, hairy. Flowers folitary, on longifh foot-ftalks from each divifion of the ftem, which foot-ftalks, as the fruit ripens, become reflexed. Calyx of four leaves, two of which have a membranous margin. Petals fhorter than the calyx, cloven, white. Stamina ltill fhorter. Germen oval. Styles fhort. Capfule burfting with 8 blunt teeth. The flowers expand only in bright weather-
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[ l67 ]
SAXIFRAGA ftellaris.
Hairy Saxifrage .
DECANDRIA Digynia ,
Gen. Char. CW. 5-cleft. Petals 5. Cap/, with two beaks, one-celled ; feeds numerous.
Spec. Char. Leaves ferrated. Stem naked, branch- ing. Petals pointed.
Syn. Saxifraga ftellaris. Linn . Sp, PL 572. Hudf FL An . 179. /F/7L Bot . yfrr. 430.
Geum paluftre minus, foliis oblongis crenatis. Syn . 354.
T HE elegant genus of Saxifraga is almoft entirely alpine, and molt of its fpecies can bear a confiderable degree of cold* provided they enjoy a pure air. This now before us grows plentifully in Wales, Scotland, and the northern parts of En- gland, efpecially Weftmoreland. Dr. Woodville favoured us with frefh wild fpecimens gathered laft fummer on Skiddaw. Its favourite ftation is in the black turfy margins of rills on the north fides of mountains, near their fummits, where it flowers in June or July.
The roots are perennial, long and fibrous, crowned with flat flellated tufts of obovate leaves, which are hairy above, pa- ler and fmooth, fometimes purple, beneath, pointed and grofs- ly ferrated. Stalks from two to fix inches high, ere£t, round, clothed with fcattered divaricating hairs, and Subdivided at the top into a fort of corymbus of from 3 to 7 or 9 flowers, each on a partial foot-ftalk, at whofe bafe is a braffea, either palma- ted or entire. Calyx reflexed. Petals fpreading, ovate, white with 2 yellow fpots near the bafe. Stamina all nearly equal. Antherse and germen purple. Capfule green, with a purple ring near the bafe. In this fpecies arid fome others the ger- men is completely fuperior ; but there are others again where it is partly, if not altogether, below the flower ; fo that this circumftance of the fituation of the germen, fo important in moft orders of plants, is in this genus of no confequence.
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[ >68 ]
POTAMOGETON perfoliatum.
Perfoliate Pond-weed ,
7" R T R A N D R I A Tetragynia •
Gen. Char, Cal . none. Petals 4. Style none. Seeds 4. Spec. Char. Leaves heart-fhaped, embracing the ftem. Syn. Potamogeton perfoliatum. Linn. Sp . PL 182. Hudf.FL An. 74. With. Hot, Arr% 172. Relb . Gzh/. 70. Rail Syn. 149.
common in ponds and rivers in every* part of En-
gland ; nor is it, as far as we have obferved, at all peculiar to a clay foil, as Linnaeus feems to hint.
Every part of the plant, except the flower-ftalks, is complete- ly immerfed in the water, fo that it is only to be difcover- ed by the fpikes of flowers about July and Auguft Handing a little above the furface, and abounding in whitifh pollen. It fhould feem the refpiration of fuch truly aquatic vegetables mull be as different from the refpiration of thofe which inhale atmofpheric air, as the breathing of fifties is from that of beafls and birds. Accordingly we find their leaves of an extremely different texture, pellucid like oiled paper (as Haller remarks), very vafcular, harfh and ribbed, but often extremely brittle. The furface of fuch plants, like that of aquatic animals, is deflitute of hair or down of any kind.
The llalks of this Pond-weed are very long, round, with leaves crowded about the top and branches. Thefe leaves might rather be called ovate than heart-fhaped, at leaft in the moft common appearance of the plant. The petals are of a dull purple, and fo fituated that the air eafily paffes between them to waft the pollen to the fligma. The feeds are com- preffed, and fhining.
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LATHYRUS paluftris.
Marjh Everlafling-Pca .
DIADELPHIA Dccandria.
Gen. Char. Style flattened, downy above, broader upwards. Two upper fegments of the calyx fhorteft. Spec. Char. Several flowers on a flalk. Several leaflets on each tendril. Stipule lanceolate.
Syn. Lathyrus paluftris. Linn. Sp . Pl. 1034. Hud/ FI. An. 317. IVilh. Bot. Arr. 773. Rello.Canl.
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L. vicisformis, feu Vicia Lathyroides noftras. Rail Syn. 320.
TP HIS occurs in moift woods and paftures in feveral parts of England, but not commonly. Our fpecimen was fent from Burgh, near Yarmouth, by Dav/fon Turner, Efq. We have compared it, as well as fome of Mr. Humphrey’s original fpe- cimens gathered at Ranaugh (fee Hudf. ) with thofe of Linnaeus, and find them to agree exadfly, except in the number of flowers, the Swedifh ones having, as Profeflor Retzius defcribes them, no more than three on each footftalk. Yet the very indifferent figure in Flo. Dan. (t. 399.) reprefents as many as thirteen, and thofe rather red than blue \ fo that one would think it could hardly be the fame fpecies, yet we know of no other like it.
Lathyrus paluftris grows 3 or 4 feet high if fupported by bufhes ; the ftem but little branched, confiderably winged. Leaflets 4 or 6, oppofite, or rarely alternate, lanceolate, acute, glaucous beneath. Tendrils 2 or 3 -cleft. Stipulse lanceolate, but varying in breadth, their lower lobe a little falcated. Flow- ers of a vivid purplifh blue of great beauty, in eredf bunches. Pods longifh and fmooth, as is every part of the herbage. It thrives in a garden in good foil, even if not wet, and is very ornamental, flowering in the middle of fummer, and continuing fome time. The roots are perennial.
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S E D U M rupeftre.
Rock St one crop.
D EC A N D R I A Pentagynia .
Gen. Char. Cal . 5 -cleft. Petals 5, with five nectari- ferous fcales at the bafe of the germen. Cap- Jules 5.
Spec. Char. Leaves thick, fubulate, cluttered toge- ther in a five-fold order, and loofe at the bafe. Flowers in a cyme.
Syn. Sedum rupeftre. Linn. Sp . PI. 618. Hudf. FI, An. 195. With . Bot. Arr. 466.
S. minus a rupe S. Vincentii. Rail Syn. 270.
Originally obferved on St. Vincent’s rocks, near Briflol hot-wells, and afterwards on Chedder rocks by Dillenius, and on a hill in Wales. Mr. Robfon found it on walls about Dar- lington, from whence he fent us this wild fpecimen, flowering in July 1792.
The roots are perennial, branched, and throw out many long decumbent items, which are round, red and naked in their lower part, taking root in many places ; above they are al- ternately branched, terminating in thick club-fhaped tufts of leaves, clofely imbricated. The flowering (terns are more upright, a foot high, clothed with more fcattered leaves, and terminated by a large handfome cyme of yellow flow- ers. The calyx is very glaucous, often tipped with red. Flowers often in 6 or 7 parts inftead of 5. All the eaves are glaucous, thick and fucculent, fubulate, unconnected with the ftem at their bafe, which is like a little blunt fpur ; they are more compreffed, and much more clofely imbri- cated than in S. reflex um, neither are they ever recurved as in that fpecies.
Dillenius firft well afcertained this plant in his Hortus Eltha- menfis, where he has given a good figure of it, tab. 256, f. 333.
Flora Danica, tab. 59, is a very different plant, the Sedum faxatile ofWiggers, Flo. Holfat. 35.
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S E D U M anglicum*
JLnglifh Stone-crop .
DECANDRIA Pentagynia.
Gen. Char. Cal . 5 - cleft. Petals 5, with 5 nedtarife- rous fcales at the bafe of the germen. Capfules c Spec. Char. Leaves thick, ovate* gibbous and loofe at the bafe, alternate. Cyme of two branches. Syn. Sedum anglicum. Hudf. FL An . 196. JVitb, Bot.Arr . 468.
S. rubens. Light/. FL Sc. 235.
S. minimum non acre, (lore albo. Rail Syn. 270, /. 12./. 2.
Communicated by Dawfon Turner, Efq. from the
fandy downs near Yarmouth, where it is very abundant, as well as on the mountains of the north. Dr. Smith gathered it in Weftmoreland, and on the rock of Dumbarton-caftle in Scot- land.
The root is generally fuppofed to be annual, throwing out many (terns, branched and decumbent at their bafe, then upright and more fimple, round, reddifh, clothed with alternate rather thick-fet leaves, and terminated by fmall bifid or trifid cymes of flowers The leaves are very thick and fucculent, oval, glau- cous, with a blunt protuberance at their bafe, below their at- tachment to the (tern. The flowers are at firft thickly cluf- tered together; but as the cyme expands, they appear more re- mote, one always (landing at the firft divarication of the cyme. The calyx refembles the leaves, and is obtufe. The petals have a reddifh rib, and are often fpotted with the fame colour at their tip. The capfules are membranous and fmooth.
This fpecies has cofl 11s no fmall trouble to determine accu- rately. Of the plants which approach it, Sedum annuum of Linnaeus has a yellow flower, and much fhorter and broader leaves. S. atratum has leaves like S. annuum, and very blunt purple capfulec, with red and white petals. Crafiula rubens has a (harper calyx than our plant, and rough, fpreading, ftrong (not membranous) capfules. Mr. Hudfon and Mr. Lightfoot were therefore right in making this a fpecies diftindt from all thofe of Linnaeus.
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COMARUM paluftre.
Marjld Cinquefoil \
ICO S AN D RI A Polygynia.
Gen. Char. Cal. in lofegments. Petals 5, lefs than the calyx. Receptacle of the feeds ovate, fpongy, permanent.
Spec. Char .
Syn. Comarum paluftre. Linn. Sp. PL 718. Hudf. FL An. 227. With . Bot. Arr . 540. Relh. Cant. 200.
Pentaphylloides paluftre rubrum. Rail Syn. 256.
Not unfrequent in muddy bogs and ditches, efpecially in the north, and in Norfolk, flowering in June and July. It is among our more handfome native plants, and may be intro- duced with advantage among American Ihrubs, in a border of bog earth.
The roots are perennial, long and creeping, and, like the Item* round, and of a reddifh brown. The leaves are gene- rally, but not always fmooth : leaflets moftly five, rarely feven, in the top leaf three, more or lefs obtufe, llrongly ferrated, glaucous beneath, with a pair of ftipulx (moftly entire) running up the common leaf-ftalk. Flowers on partial footftalks, pro- duced in an irregular, fomewhat dichotomous manner. Their colour and ftnnfture our figure exprefles. The calyx leaves are lobed or entire. Every part of the flower is permanent, en- folding the fruit, which confifts of numerous oval compreffed feeds, covering a conical fpongy receptacle, which does not fall off when the feeds are ripe. In this laft circumftance only the genus differs from Fragaria, Haller thought the difference too flight, and therefore joins thefe two genera, along with Potentilla, into one. But Linnaeus well obferves, in Flora Lap- ponica (fee. 209 J9 that the genera of this natural order are all very nearly allied (the order being^ natural), and that we muft either keep them as he has defined them, or unite the above with Rubus, Rofa, Geum, Dryas, &c. into cne, which would be very paradoxical.
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LICHEN rangiferinus. Rein-deer Lichen .
CRYPTOGAM I A Alga.
Gen. Char. Male, fcattered warts.
Female, fmooth (Fields or tubercles, in which the feeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Shrubby, tubular, very much branched, and hoary ; the little branches divaricated and nodding.
Syn. Lichen rangiferinus. Linn. Sp. PL 1620. Hudf% FI. An. 557. With. Bot. Arr. V. 3. 216. Relh. Cant . 438.
Lichenoides tubulofum ramofiffimum, fruticuli fpecie, candicans. Raii Syn. 66.
Coralloides montanum fruticuli fpecie ubique can- dicans, Bill. Mufc. 107. 1. 16./. 29 — & C. frutic. fpecie candicans, corniculis rufefcentibus, ibid. 1 10. t. 16. f. 30.
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A HIS mofs, the chief clothing of the northern alpine traCts of Lapland, is found every where on our heaths, but in a lefs luxuriant ftate than farther north. The numerous herds of rein-deer, in which confifts the only riches of the Ample fequeftered Laplander, are entirely dependent on it for their winter food6 It there grows at leaft a foot high, covering the ground like fnow. With us it feldom attains the height of 6 inches, and is generally much lefs.
The fpecies is eafily known by its branched and tufted figure. Its furface is hoary, or rough with minute warts. It is tubular within, and the (tern thin and brittle when very dry or very wet. Dillenius juftly fays, it is not* perforated at the divarications. Hagen (quoted by Mr. Relhan) mentions the contrary. The variety j3 of Hudfon, called fylvaticus (fig. 30 of Dillenius), is a trifling one, having reddilh or brownifh tips, which colour fometimes occurs in other parts of the plant. The fructifica- tion is not common. It confifts of brown tubercles.
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LICHEN uncialis.
Short perforated Lichen
CRTPTOGAMI A Alg*.
Gen. Char. Male, fcattered warts.
Female, fmooth fhields or tubercles, in which the feeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Shrubby, tubular, perforated ; the little branches very fhort and pointed.
Syn. Lichen uncialis. Linn. Sp. PI. 1621. Hudf. FL An. 555. With. Bot. Arr . V. 3, 218. Relh* Cant. 439.
Lichenoides tubulofum, cauliculis mollioribus & craffioribus, majus & minus. Rati Syn. 67. Coralloides perforatum majus, molle & craffum. Dill. Mujc. 98. t . 16./. 21 — & minus, molle & tenue. Ibid . 9 9,/. 22.
Lichen uncialis is found on heaths nearly as common as rangiferinus, from which it differs in being much lefs branched, and not tufted ; the branches are fhorter and awl-fhaped, the terminal ones brown, and forming a fort of radiated crown, of fometimes 6 or 8 points. The perforations at the divarications of the item are very wide, and feldom wanting ; whereas in rangiferinus they are fcarcely (if at all) to be found. The fru&ifications are very minute tubercles at the tips of the little brown terminal branches.
This plant varies in height from 1 to 2 inches, as well as in thicknefs ; hence the different fpecies and varieties of authors. Sometimes it has a few fcaly leaves on the ftem, and is much
branched, fee Mr. Hudfon’s variety 7 perhaps the laft may
be a diftindl fpecies.
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1PL ANTAGO maritima*
Sea Plantain .
T E T RA ND R I A Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cal. 4-cleft. Cor. 4-cleft ; its limb re- flexed. Stamina very long. Cap/, with two cells, bursting all round.
Spec. Char. Leaves linear, moftly entire, channelled, woolly at the bale. Spike cylindrical. Stalk round. Syn. Plantago maritima. Linn. Sp. PL 165. Hudf. FI. An. 64. With. Bot . An. 144. Relb. Cant. S Lippi. 2.9.
P. marina. Rail Syn. 315.
O plant varies more in fize than this. Its leaves are fome- times fcarcely an inch, at other times more than a foot in length. The height of the ftalk is more conftant, but the num- ber of flowers in the fpike varies beyond computation. Ours is a moderately luxuriant fpecimen. It loves a muddy foil, and flowers late in the fummer. The root is perennial. It is as various in its place of growth as in fize, being found on the highefl: of our mountains as well as on the {hore, like Statice armeria. Hence it has been taken for P. alpina, which laft is a very different plant, with fhort oval fpikes, and lanceolate flat leaves, and has never (we believe) been found in Britain. Still lefs refemblance has our Plantago, though it has fometimes dentated leaves, to P. Loeflingii, that having flat leaves, and very fhort roundifh pale fpikes of flowers, much like thofe of P, Pfyllium, and having certainly never been met with in our ifland,
P. maritima may be known by its very flefhy and fmooth eaves, channelled above and concave below, with a tuft of wool at their bafe, which indeed occurs in other fpecies. The fpike, however fhort, is always cylindrical.
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LYSIMACHIA thyrfiflora.
Tufted Loofefrife .
PENTANDRIA Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cor . wheel-fhaped. Capfule globofe,
pointed, with io valves.
Spec. Char. Flowers in lateral pedunculated clutters. Syn. Lyfimachia thyrfiflora. Linn. Sp . PL 209. HudJ% FL An . 86. /Fz7&. ihtf. ^rr. 209.
1L. lutea, flore globofo. Ifa/i Syn. 283.
Despairing of procuring recent wild fpecimens of this very rare plant, we cannot refrain from exhibiting a figure of a cultivated one, which has been compared with wild ones, and found in no refpeCt to differ. It grows in boggy places, about running ftreams, and was found in Ray’s time in the eaft riding of Yorkfhire, as well as about King’s Langley in Hertfordfhire. Dr. Smith faw, in the year 1781, fpecimens gathered by Dr. White in a bog near Severus’s hills at York ; but the plant was then loft, from the place having been drained, fo that we really do not know a certain flation of this Lyfimachia at prefent.
It has a long root with whorls of fibres like many aquatic plants. The Item 10 or 20 inches high, ereCI, round, per- fectly fimple, flightly woolly, covered with oppofite, lanceolate, entire leaves, which are pale beneath, and fomewhat revolute. The bunches of flowers (land oppofite, one from the bofom of each leaf about the middle of the Item, ereCt, pubefcent, each of about ten flowers, on partial footftalks, accompanied by foli- tary lanceolate braCteae. The corolla is very deeply cloven into lanceolate fegments, with a fmall tooth between every two of them. The ftamina are capillary, longer than the corolla, and opp fite to its fegments. Style fimple. The calyx, germen, and tips of the corolla are prettily fpotted with red. It flowers about midfummer, and may be eafily known from all other Britifh vegetables.
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C A R D U U S pratenfis.
Meadow Thijlle .
SJTNGENESI A Polygamia-aqualis.
Gen. Char. Cal. ovate, imbricated with fpinous fcales. Receptacle hairy.
Spec. Char. Leaves feflile, half embracing the ftem, lanceolate, ftightly dentated, ciliated with fmail unequal fpines. Stem moftly fingle-flow- ered.
Syn. Carduus pratenhs. Jacq. Flo . Aujlr . vol. i. /. 42. Hudf. FI. An. 353. fVith. Bot. Arr. 877.
C. difle&us. Hudf. FI. An. e d. 1. 307.
C. heterophyllus. Relb. Cant. 306.
T HIS thiftle, though found in meadows in various parts of England, has never been well utiderftood. It appears not to be defcribed by Linnaeus, nor is it in his Herbarium. The only fpecies of his that it can poflibly be is the difleclus, a plant he took up from books, without having it in his Herbarium, and which therefore we cannot certainly ascertain. Neither dare we pofitively fay with Dr. Stokes, that this is C. heterophyllus of Lightfoor, though we fuppofe it may be fo. Our fpecimen was gathered near Bromley in Kent, flowering in June.
The root is perennial, creeping, with long fibres. Stem ere£I, 1 or 2 feet high, moftly Ample, and terminated with one (rarely more) ere£l flower, its furface ftriated and cottony. Leaves feveral at the lower part of the ftem, lanceolate, fome flightly waved and dentated, others entire, all ciliated with unequal fmail fpines, and green above, cottony (not very white) beneath. The upper leaves half embrace the ftem , and be- come gradually fmaller and more diftant. A very fmail one generally ftands near the flower. Scales of the calyx not very fharp, purplifh, clothed with a web. Corolla, ftyle and ftamina nearly of an uniform purple.
We beg leave to recommend C. helenioides and heterophyllus fo the examination of Britifh botanifts, as the fpecimcns in the Linnsean Herbarium appear really diftinft fpecies.
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A R A B 1 S Turrita.
Tower Wall-Crefs .
TETRADTNAMIA Siliquo/a .
Gen. Char. Nectariferous glands four, each reflexed like a fcale between the calyx leaves.
Spec. Char. Leaves embracing the flem. Pods bent backwards, flat and linear, with an incraf- fated margin.
Syn. Arabis Turrita. Linn. Sp. PL 930. Hudf.FL An . 293. With. Bot . Arr . 703. Relh . Cant. 255.
-P OUND hitherto only on the walls of Trinity and St. John’s College, Cambridge, where it was firft obferved by the late ProfefTor Martyn, and from whence the Rev. Mr. Sutton favoured us with fpecimens.
We do not pretend to anfwer for the generic chara£ter of this plant, which but ill accords with that of Arabis, to which genus it feems to have been referred chiefly from its habit. The glands are in fa£t 2 within the fhorter ftamina, and 2 without the longer, “ as in Braflica” ( Martyn ). Much has been faid and written about the infufficiency of thefe glands to difcriminate the genera of this order; but as we have not yet found any fixed principles upon which to reform the whole tribe, we are obliged to take things as Linnaeus has left them.
The root is woody, and biennial, according to Mr. Relhan. Stems full a foot high, Ample, upright. Leaves pale green, dentated, roughifh ; the radical ones ovate, lengthened out at thei bafe ; thofe on the ilem embracing it more than half round. Flowers pale fulphur-coloured, in a leafy fpike. Pods very long, linear, flat, at firft ere£t, then divaricated and pen- dent. Their edge is thicker than in A. pendula, which Haller fays is the fame fpecies. We do not find the calyx at all rugofe. The flowers appear in May.
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PYRUS Malus.
Wild Apple , or Crab -tree.
ICOSANDRIA Pentagynia .
Gen. Char. Cal . 5-cleft. 5. Apple inferior,
with 5 cells, and feveral feeds.
Spec. Char. Leaves ferrated. Flowers in a feffile umbel.
Syn. Pyrus Malus. Linn . Sp. PL 686. Hud/. Fl. An. 216. With. Pot. Arr. 517. Relh. Cant. 191. Malus fylveftris. Rail Syn. 452.
The common original of all our valuable varieties of ap- ples grows wild in almoft every natural grove or thicket, nor is it unfrequent in hedges. When about the end of May it is covered with bloom, few if any fhrubs furpafs the crab in beauty. Its elegant rofe-colour bears a greater proportion to the white than in any cultivated variety, except the codling.
The tree is of a moderate fize, diftinguifhable from our fo- reft trees, when without leaves, by its very irregular branches, and particularly its {hort, knobby, and rugged bearing (hoots, from which alone the leaves and flowers are produced. The leaves are roundifh, or oval ; their ferratures difappear fome- timesby cultivation, but not fo completely as in the pear-tree. The flower-ftalks form a Ample terminal umbel, and are rarely fubdivided. They are moftly covered with foft down, as is the infide (and fometimes the outfide) of the calyx Fruit fmall, hard, and very acid, yellowifh green with a tinge of red.
The wood is hard, with a fine grain. The acid liquor of the fruit, called verjuice, is ufeful to cure fprains and fcalds. See Dr. Withering’s concife and full account of the ufes of this and the pear-tree.
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BRYUM rigid um.
Rigid Bryum.
c Rr PTO G A MI A Mufci.
Gen. Char. Capfule with a lid. Veil fmooth. Flower * ftalk from a terminal tubercle.
Sr ec. Char. Stem fcarcely any. Capfules cylindri- cal, ereCl, bordered with twilled cilise. Veil longer than the capfule. Leaves fpreading, lan- ceolate, involute, rigid.
Svn. Bryum rigidum. HudJ\ FI. An. 477. With. Bot.Arr. 105. Smith's Four on the Continent , vol. i. 191.
B. acaulon, Ericas tenuifolias Gerardi folio. Dill.
Mufc. 388. t . 49./. 55.
Barbula rigida. Fledwig. Mujc. vol. i. 65. /. 25.
Dr. Smith, we believe, firft found this mofs, fince the time of Dillenius, in November 1780, on a clay bank on the right-hand fide of the Yarmouth road, two miles and an half from Norwich, where he alfo gathered the prefent fpecimen in January laft. Mr. T. F. Forfter has obferved it in a chalk-pit on Banftead downs.
Its firft appearance is very like the common Bryum murale, but the leaves of that have a ftrong mid-rib, which this wants, and are paler and thin at the margin, nor are they ever involute. By drying the points of the leaves are curved inwards. The {talks are longer, and the capfules larger than in B. murale. The veil very long, covering the whole young capfule, but foon falling off. Lid of the capfule red at the bafe. The fringe of the orifice confifts of numerous hairs or teeth, which Hedwig found to be 32 in number. They are twilled into a cylinder.
How much foever we may admire the accuracy of obfervation, and phyfiological acutenefs of the celebrated author laft men- tioned, we think the characters of his genera rather too minute and artificial. At leaft we beg leave to retain for the prefent thole of Linnaeus, though very imperfeCt, till repeated obfer- vations enable us to judge more correCtly upon fo abftrufe a fubjeCt.
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E C H I U M vulgare.
Common Viper s Buglofs.
P K "N T A N D R I A Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cor . irregular, its orifice open and naked. Spec. Char. Stem brifbly and tuberculated. Stem leaves lanceolate, and rough with ftiff hairs. Flow- ers in lateral fpikes.
Syn. Echium vulgare. Linn. Sp. PI. 200. Hud/. FI. An. 83. With. Bot v Arr. 200. Relh. Cant. 80. Rati Syn. 227.
A BEAUTIFUL and magnificent, though very vulgar weed, whofe frequency in every high-way and field, efpecially in a light foil, makes us defpife it as an unprofitable intruder; yet we have feen inhabitants of tropical countries, on their arrival in Europe, fo charmed with the viper’s buglofs, as to call it worthy to “ decorate the gardens of the gods.” The dry fields of Cambridgefhire and Norfolk are perfectly blue with thefe flowers in June and July, nor is any part of England without more or lefs of them.
The root is biennial. Stem ftrong, ereCt, round, moftly fprinkled with red tubercles bearing fome of the very ftiff briftles which clothe every part of the herb, and which on the upper fide of the leaves arife from white callofities. The ra- dical leaves are numerous, fpreading in the form of a ftar. Spikes folitary from each axilla of the ftem-leaves, pendulous, but growing ereCt as the flowers open. Buds red. Corolla nearly regular, purple, then bright blue, downy on the outfide about the ribs* Stamina varying in length, but always fome- what longer than the corolla. The juices of the herb are very mucilaginous.
We can fcarcely define the difference between this and £. italicum (for in this cafe the Linnseari characters unfortu- nately teach nothing), except that the lfalk of the latter feems not to be tuberculated, and the flowers are not half fo large as in E. vulgare*
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[ 182 ]
LEPIDIUM latifolium.
Broad-leaved Pepper-wort .
TETRADTNA MIA Siliculofa.
Gen. Char. Pouch notched, with many feeds : valves keeled, but not margined : partition con- trary to the valves.
Spec. Char. Leaves ovato-lanceolate, undivided, fer rated.
Syn. Lepidium latifolium. Linn. Sp. PI. 899. Hudf. FI. An. 279. IVith. Rot. Arr . 671. Rail Syn. 3° 4-
Gathered wild at Heybridge, near Maldon in EfTei, by Mr. Edward Forfter, jun. in the place mentioned by Ray. It has been found in other parts of Effex, always in wet {hady fituations, and the late Mr. Humphrey difcovered it below Sheringham cliffs in Norfolk. Otherwife it is by no means common.
Root perennial, long, branching, and fpreading very far. Stems ere£l, alternately branched, leafy, round, fmooth, pani- cled at the top with numerous branches of fmall whitifh flowers in little corymbi, appearing in July. The leaves are alternate, acute, of a broad lanceolate figure, lengthened out at the bafe and the tip, ferrated in the middle, glaucous, efpecially be- neath. Their tafte is biting and difagreeable. An infufion isfaid by Dr. Withering to be emetic*
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S A L I X repens. .
Creeping dwarf Willow .
DIOECIA Diartdria. '
Gen. Char. Male, Cal. the fcales of a catkin. Cor. none. Neff ary, a gland at the bafe of the ftamina. Female, Cal . like the male. Cor. none. Style cloven. Capf. of one cell, with two valves. Seeds downy.
Spec. Char. Leaves entire, lanceolate, fomewhat downy on both fides. Stem decumbent and creeping. Style fimple ; fligma in 4 nearly equal fegments. Capfules fmooth.
Syn. Salix repens. Linn. Sp . PL 1447. Hudf. FI. An. 428. With. Bot . Arr. 1105. Relh. Cant. 366,
S, pumila anguftifolia, inferne Ianuginofa, and S. pumila anguftifolia prona parte cinerea. Rail Syn. 447. Alfo S. alpina pumila, rotundifolia repens, infei ne fubcineixa. Ibid. 448.
Every moifl fandy heath abounds with this willow, which flowers in May, and ripens its fruit in June and July, when, as in molt of this genus, the leaves arrive at their full fize. The varieties of S. repens are numerous, differing in the breadth of their leaves, and in the greener or browner colour of the whole plant ; hence Hudfon and others have thought they had dif- covered S. fufca and S. rofmarinifolia among them *, whereas the former is S. arenaria of our Britifh writers (not of Linnaeus), and the latter we have never feen of Britifh growth. Profeffor Gouan of Montpellier miftook a widely different and non- defcript fpecies for S. repens of Linnaeus.
The real one here figured has a very flrong woody root, dark, brown or black, throwing out many proflrate or widely fpread- ing Items, of which the flowering branches are generally eredl. The leaves are lanceolate or elliptical, filky when young, and feldom quite fmooth beneath when old •, without ftipulae Catkins not long *, fcales obtufe, hairy. Germen oval, filky* with a fhort undivided ftyle, and a yellow fpreading fligma, cloven almoft equally into 4 lobes. Ripe capfule, fmooth, lanceolate. The ftyle and fligma muft be particularly noticed in difcriminating fome of thefe fmall willows ; indeed we Hand in need of every help in fo difficult a tribe.
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[ i84 3
OROBANCHE ramofa.
Branched Broom-rape .
D I D T N A MIA Angiofpermia .
Gen. Ghar. Cal . 2-lipped. Cor. ringent. Cap/, of one cell, with two valves, and many feeds. A gland at the bafeof the germen beneath.
Spec. Char. Stem generally branched. Corolla with five fegments.
Syn. Orobanche ramofa. Linn . Sp. PI. 882. Hud/. FL An . 266. With . Bot. Arr. 658. Rail Syn.* 288.
Mr. WOODWARD, who has fo admirably illuftrated this rare plant in the Bot. Arr. and who is one of the few peo- ple who have found it fince Ray’s time, was fo obliging as to fend us this recent wild fpecimen from a field at Mettingham in Suffolk, in which neighbourhood it grows plentifully , at- tached to the roots of hemp in a parafitical manner, and flowers in Auguft.
The root is annual, a folid bulb, throwing out flefhy fibres which are entwined with thofe of the plant on which it grows. Stem ere£i, more or lefs obfcurely zigzag, and never quite ftraight, clothed with a few fcattered brown fcales, and almoft always branched, fometimes very copioufly fo. Spikes a con- tinuation of the ftem and branches, fet with numerous feflile flowers, in an alternate order, with a brown concave bra&ea at the bafe of each- Calyx with 4 teeth, the 2 uppermoft very diftant ; it can hardly be called two-lipped. The 2 upper feg- ments of the corolla are rather the fhorteft.
We are by no means convinced that the Orobanche /lore mi - nore of Ray’s Synopfis is a variety of this, but are rather inclined to refer it to O. major, if it be not a non-defcript fpecies. Neither are we certain that Mr. Pitchford’s fpe- cimen from Northreps is the fame with either. A {ketch made from it when recent agrees better with O. purpurea of Jacquin (not Linmeus). The whole genus wants a thorough inveftigation.
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[ 1 85 ]
JUNGERMANNIA pinguis.
Slippery Jungermannia.
CRTPTOGAMIA Alg<e.
Gen. Char. Male flowers feflile. (Hedwig.)
Female on a footdalk rifing from a (heath. Capfule with 4 valves. Seeds attached to eluftic filaments. Spec. Char. Stem none. Frond oblong, finuated, flippery.
Svn. Jungermannia pinguis. Linn. Sp. PL 1602. Hudf. FL An. 517. With. Bot. Arr. F.3. 156. Relb. Cant. 420.
Lichenaftrum capitulis oblongis juxta foliorum divifuras enafcentibus. Rail Syn. no. Bill. Mujc. 509. t. 74./. 42.
F OUND in boggy, marftiy places, commonly producing its ripe cap fules in April; this forward feafon (1794), it has been fomewhat earlier. When very luxuriant, it grows ere£t in thick tufts, and does not flower; otherwife the fronds are ho- rizontal, attached to the moift earth by hair-like fibres, and of a very wet, flimy, flippery fubftance, tender like boiled vege- tables. From the incifions of the frond arife folitary tubular fheaths, each producing an upright Ample pellucid (talk, ter- minated by a black oval capfule, called anthera by Linnaeus, which burfls at the top into 4 valves, and is full of black elaftic fibres, connected with numerous feeds.
We beg leave to point out an inaccuracy in the character of this genus in the Bot. Arr. as taken from Linnaeus. It (hould be Fruit -Jlalk bearing a naked flower > that is, deftitute of calyx and corolla. The Linnaean word Anthera is indeed properly changed for Capfule ; but, by a ftrange overflight, the defcription of the real male flower is continued as if it were the female.
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[ *86 ]
JUNGERMANNIA multifida.
Many -lob ed J unger inannia.
CRT PTO GAM I A Alga.
Gen. Char. Male flowers feflile.
Female on a footflalk rifing from a fheath. Capfule with 4 valves. Seeds attached to elaflic filaments.
Spec. Char. Stem none. Frond bipinnatifid.
Syn. Jungermannia multifida. Linn . Sp. PI. 1602. Htidf. FI. An. 317. With. Hot. Arr. V . 3. 133. Lichenaftrum Ambrofise divifura. Rail Syn. hi. Dill. Mufc. 5 1 1 . /. 74. /. 43.
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X HIS was gathered on Epping Forefl, by Mr. E. Forfter. It loves a moift fhady fituation like J. pinguis, but is not near fo common. It flowers about the fame time.
The fronds grow proftrate, and are cut into many obtufe ir- regular fegments in a bipinnate order, their furface fomewhat flimy to the touch. From towards their bafe arife folitary flower-ftalks, clothed at the bottom with a white fheath, and terminating in a dark brown capfule, which quickly fcatters its feeds, retaining at the laft a few fibres flicking to the extremity of its expanded withered valves, as in other fpecies.
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[ i87 ]
ROSA fpinofiffima.
Burnet Rofe .
I C OSANDRIA Polygynia .
Gen. Char. Cal . urn-fhaped, flefhy, contra&ed at the orifice, terminating in 5 fegments. Petals 5. Sm/j feveral, briftly, fixed to the infide of the calyx.
Spec. Char. Fruit globofe, fmooth as well as the flower- (talks. Stem clothed with very numerous ftraight flender (pines. Leaflets fmooth and round. Syn. Rofa fpinofiflima. Linn. Sp. PI. 705. Hud/. FI. An. 218. With. Bot . Arr . 522. Light/. FI. Sc. 260. FI. Ban t. 398.
R. pimpinellifolia. Linn. Syft. Nat. ed. 10. 1062. R. pumila fpinofiflima, foliis Pimpinella? glabris, (lore albo. Raii Syn. 455.
•R-OSES, the delight of gardeners, of poets, in (hort of all who have ever confidered any plant as an object of admira- tion, and which compofe perhaps the mod elegant genus on the whole that we know, are by no means eafily intelligible to a botanid. Their beautiful forms, fo delicately varied, are yet fo nearly allied, that the line of fpecific difcrimination can fcarcely be accurately drawn. This fpecies, indeed, is one of the mod didin£t ; yet even this has been defcribed twice by our great mader. It appears from his herbarium, that his R. pimpinellifolia is exactly (as Haller believed) the fame plant, not even a variety, as his original fpinofifiima ; of which, not happening to have it before him when he wrote the 10th edition of Sy/. Nature, he forgot the appearance.
It occurs with us in the borders of fields on a gravelly or fandy foil, (lowering in July. The bufhes are about 2 feet high, much branched, and may be known by the very numerous needle-like prickles, abundant on the young branches, but which often difappear from the old ones. The leaflets are about 9, round, fmooth, ferrated, very like the leaves of burnet (Poterium Sanguiforba) ; their common dalk is fometimes prickly, and the flower *dalk more rarely fo. Petals cream- coloured, yellow at the bafe, delicately fragrant, fometimes (but rarely) driped with red. Fruit globofe, deep red, black when quite ripe, fmooth, though Haller defcribes it as fpinous.
FI. Dan. t. 398. is this plant, and not R. arvenfis.
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ROSA arvenfis. White Dog-rofe .
ICOSANDRIA Polygynia.
Gen. Char. Cal. urn-fhaped, fiefhy, contracted at the orifice, terminating in 5 fegments. Petals 5. Seeds feveral, briflly, fixed to the infidc of the calyx. Spec. Char. Fruit globofe, fmooth as well as the flower- ft alks. Stem and leaf-ftalks prickly. Flowers generally cluftered.
Syn. Rofa arvenfis. Hud/. FI. An. ed . 1. 192. ed. 2. 219. Linn. Mant. 2. 245. With . Bot . Arr . 521 . Relh. Cant. 193.
R. fylveftris altera minor, flore albo noftras. Rail Syn. 455.
F REQUENT in our hedges, and thickets in the borders of fields, where it flowers in June and July ; yet though here fo common, it feems to be almofl peculiar to Britain. Perhaps it may grow in other parts of Europe, but may not have been well diferiminated by botanical writers. The figure in Flora Dan. t. 398, quoted by Linnaeus, is R. fpinofiflima \ and it is wonder- ful Mr. Hudfon fhould follow him in fo grofs an error, though, having himfelf eftablifhed this fpecies, he ought to have known it well. We beg leave on this occafion to hint a general ad- monition againft copying fynonyms without examining them.
Rofa arvenfis has round, glaucous, often mahogany-coloured Items, of which lad colour are commonly the germens and flower-ftalks ; and the lafl are covered with a glandular rough- nefs. The prickles are hooked, but differ from thofe of R. canina in being fmaller. The leaflets are moftly 5, oval, pointed and fmooth. Flower-ftalks about 3 or 5 in a terminal clufter (rarely folitary), not all exadlly from one point, ac- companied by a few lanceolate bradteae, and each bearing a fingle white flower, like the common dog-rofe, but never red or blufh-coloured, and lefs fragrant. The germen is oblong, but in ripening becomes globofe, and deep-red, terminated by the Ample bafe of the ftyles, at that period elongated, as is well remarked by Dr. Stokes in Bot. Arr. 522.
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C i89 3
ARENARIA peploides.
Sea Chickweed \
DECAN DRIA Trigynia .
Gen. Char. Cal. five-leaved, fpreading. Petals five, undivided. Caff, of one cell, with many feeds.
Spec. Char. Leaves ovate, acute, flefhy.
Syn. Arenaria peploides. Linn . Sp . PI. 605. Hud/. FI. An. 1 9 1. With.Bot. Arr.4.58.
Alfine marina, foliis Portulacse. Raii Syn. 351.
Peculi A R to the Tandy fhores of the fea, but there found in abundance. Its juices partake of the alkaline nature of other fucculent maritime plants.
The roots are flringy, creeping, and extend very far, throw- ing out fibres at every joint. Stem alternately branched, form- ing thick leafy procumbent tufts, angular, fmooth and lucid, as is every part of the herb. Leaves feflile, ovate, entire, flightly recurved, of a beautiful bright green. Flowers on fhort foot- flalks, folitary at the divifions of the Item, fmall, white, and not very confpicuous. Calyx quite deftitute of ribs. Germen with a row of yellowifh glands round its bafe. Styles very fhort.
No other fpecies of Arenaria can be confounded with this. It flowers about the middle of Summer, and is perennial.
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T R I F O L I U M medium.
Zigzag Trefoil.
DIADELPH1A Decandria .
Gen. Char. Flowers more or lefs capitate. Pod fcarcely longer than the calyx, never burfting, but falling off entire.
Spec. Char. Spikes lax. Petals nearly equal. Sti- pulse awl-fhaped and conniving together. Stems zigzag and branching. Afzelius .
Syn. Trifolium medium. Linn . Faun . Suec . ed. 2.
p. 558. HudJ. FI. An. ed. 1. 284. Afzelius Tr.of Linn . Soc. V. 1. 237.
T. flexuofum. Jacq. FI. Aufir. V. 4. tab. 386.
With. Bot. Arr. 795.
T. alpeftre. Hudf. FI. An. ed. 2. 326.
T. purpureum majus, foiiis longioribus et anguf* tioribus, floribus faturatioribus. Rati Syn. 328.
A FTER the moft elaborate and accurate differtation of Mr. Afzelius above quoted, it would be vain to attempt any new obfervation upon this Trefoil, or the two other fpecies which he has iiluftrated. This is found in dry elevated paftures, preferring a chalky foil, or a gravelly one with a clay bottom, and differs from T. alpeftre (which is not a Britifh plant) in hav- ing larger and more lax heads of flowers, broader and fhorter leaves, a branched ftem, ftipuke approaching each other, and ribbed ; from T. pratenfe, Common Clover, it differs in its lax heads of flowers, longer and narrower ftipulse, and more un- equal calyx : from both it is diftinguifhed by its remarkably zigzag ftem. The root is perennial, and the flowers appear in July.
This fpecies is faid not to be eligible for cultivation, as it does not thrive in a good loofe foil ; but Prof. Martyn juftly remarks, (Flora Ruftica, No. 5.) that it may therefore fucceed on ftub- born hungry clay, like its native places of growth.
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B R Y U M calcareum.
Chalk Bryum ,
CRYPTO GAMIA Mufci.
Gen. Char. Cap/, with a lid. Veili inooth. Flower - ftalk from a terminal tubercle.
Spec. Char. Stem none. Capfules ereft, obconical, bordered with fixteen cilia?. Leaves erefr, cylin- drical, bluntifh.
Syn. Bryum calcareum. Dick/, Crypt . Fa/c, II. 3. t. 4. f, 3. Bot . ^rr. 3. 95. Relh, Cant,
SuppL III. 9.
F'oUND in great plenty at Dartford, May 24, 1794, cover- ing the Tides of the chalk-pit neared the wed end of the town. Each plant grows from a minute cavity in the chalk, which it feems to occupy for fome time without flowering, during which early date it makes the chalk look as if clothed with bright green velvet. The plants are folitary •, the roots fmall and fibrous, not creeping. Leaves 6 or 8, ere&, broad and fheathing at the bafe, then narrow, cylindrical, obtufe, fmooth and entire. Stalk fcarcely exceeding the leaves in length, up- right, round, green. Capfule ere£t, inverfely conical, bordered with 1 6 lanceolate, equal, fpreading teeth. Lid almod as long as the capfule, with a curved beak. Veil oblique, reaching about half way down the capfule.
Mr. Dickfon and Mr. Crowe fird afcertained this minute fpecies on chalky ground about Newmarket heath, and the for- mer publilhed it in his valuable work on the new Cryptoga- mous plants of Great Britain, a publication of the fird merit for originality and folidity of obfervation, and which proves how much a confummate invedigator may detect even on the mod beaten ground.
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B Y S S U S purpurea. Purple Byjfus .
CRYPTOGAM I A A!ga.
Gen. Char. Whole plant confiding of down or fim- pie powder. Fr unification unknown.
Spec. Char. Filaments ere&, fimple or branched, purplifh.
Syn, Byfifus purpurea. Light f. FI. Scot. 1000. With. Bot.Arr. V ‘ 3. 276.
B. rubra. ILudJ. FI. An. 605. App. 6 63.
W E are obliged for this elegant and curious produ£tion to the Rev. Mr. Hugh Davies of Aber in North Wales, from whom the late Mr. Hudfon alfo received many of his rareft plants. It is found on the micaceous rocks of Anglefea, form- ing broad uniform patches of a dark reddifh purple colour, and fcarcely the breadth of a hair in thicknefs, fo very fhort are the minute, ere£I, thick-fet, and moftly branched, filaments of which it is compofed. When much moiftened thefe filaments become clotted together in clufters, and in that moift ftate it exhales a kind of fea-weed fcent, more like the Florentine Iris root than violets, in which refpeft it agrees with the B. Iolithus of Linnaeus ; but the latter is really a cruftaceous Lichen, and of a paler colour than this. How far Linnaeus may have con- founded them, or whether ours may be Micheli* s tab. 89./I 3. (it is furely not his tab. go. f. 2.) we dare not determine. Ours cannot be called u aurea” (gold-coloured), neither is it at all cruftaceous, but a true filamentous Byflus. We think with Haller the powdery Byfli are moft probably Lichens.
Mr. Lightfoot found his B. purpurea on the bafe of Abbot Mackinnon’s tomb in Y-Columb-kill, where a naturalift of our acquaintance has fince fought for it in vain. Perhaps therefore his fpecies may not be perennial. We quote Mr. Hudfon on his own authority, though his name rubra is not very appofite.
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LICHEN immerfus.
Sunk Lichen .
CRYPTOGAMIA Alga .
Gen. Char. Male, fcattered warts.
Female, fmooth fhields or tubercles, in which the feeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Shields entirely black, each funk into a cavity in the hard, whitilh, fmooth cruft, and de- ciduous.
Syn. Lichen immerfus. With. Bot. Arr. 169. Relh. Cant. Suppl. I. 23. Weber FL Goetting. 188. Smith's Four, V . 1. 17 1. Sibth. Oxen. 318.
F OU N D in Derbyfhire and other counties at all feafons on calcareous rocks *, we have not obferved it on any other.
The cruft is almoft as hard as the ftone on which it grows (though very diftimft from it) half a line, or not fo much, in thicknefs, nearly entire in the margin, greenifh internally, its furface white, fmooth, full of little hemifphserical cavities of various fizes and depths, the bottom of each of which is occu- pied by a black deprefled fmooth fhield, with an entire margin of a more intenfe black than the difk.
Thefe fhields in time fall out, leaving the almoft everlafting cruft full of cavities, which (if the edge of the fpecimen be cautioufly pared away) may often be found to extend even into the very fubftance of the ftone. See Dr. Smith’s Tour above quoted. Micheli mentions, p. 97, feveral Lichens which bear their fhields in cavities \ his No. 21 and 22 beft agree with ours, but not having feen his fpecimens we dare not pofitively quote him. We have not indeed feen Mr. Relhan’s nor Dr. Sibthorp’s L. immerfus, but there can fcarcely be any doubt of theirs being the fame with ours. *
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LICHEN parietinus.
Yellow Wall Lichen .
CRYPTO G A MI 4 Alga .
Gen. Char. Male, fcattered warts.
Female, fmooth Ihielcls or tubercles, in which the feeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Imbricated. Leaves crifped, obtufe, orange-coloured, whitifh beneath. Shields deep orange, with a paler entire margin.
Syn. Lichen parietinus. Linn . Sp. Pl, 1610. Hud/. FL An . 533. With. Bot. Arr . Vol. 3. 186. Relb. Cant . 428. Sibtb. Oxon . 326. Light/. Scot . 822. Lichenoides crufta foliofa fcutellata, flavefcens. /fozV 72.
L. vulgare finuofum, foliis et fcutellis luteis. Dill. Mujc. 180. tab . 24./. 76.
p. Lichen juniperinus. Hudf. FI. An. 542. /F/7£. ifo/. ^rr. F. 3. 197. Light/. Scot. 836.
This is common every where, and at all feafons, on walls, (tones, trunks of trees, polls, See. The more it is expofed to the fun, the deeper is its orange colour. Moifture and lhade render it more lax, leafy, and of a greenilh or pale olive hue. So it molt commonly appears on trees and bufhes. This we have marked as a variety (0) and it is the L. juniperinus of our Britilh writers, though by no means that of Linnaeus.
The under fide is white, efpecially towards the centre, and adheres to bodies on which it grows by white fibres. The di- vifions of the frond are more or lefs imbricated, often wrinkled, and fometimes powdery. The fhields numerous, their dilk either deep orange or brownifh. Lightfoot fays this Lichen will dye yellow. Helwing formerly aflerted that when moiftened it would ftain paper or linen of a beautiful and lafting flelh- colour, a property which Dillenius could net difeover, and which we have looked for repeatedly in vain.
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P I C R I S hieracioides. Hawkweed Ox-tongue.
S T N G E N E S I A Poly garni a a quails.
Gen. Char. Receptacle naked. Cal. double. Down more or lefs feathery. Seeds rugged.
Spec. Char. Calyx lax. Leaves moftly undivided.
Flower ftalks furnifhed with fcales up to the calyx. Syn. Picris hieracioides. Linn. Sp . PL 1115. With* Bot . Arr. 830. Relh. Cant . 297.
Hedypnois hieracioides. HudJ. FI. An . 342. Hieracium afperum majori flore in agrorum limi- tibus. Raii Syn . 167.
occurs abundantly about the borders of fields in a
gravelly or calcareous foil, flowering in July and Auguft. It is a plant of rude growth and not very attra&ive appearance. The root, we believe, is perennial, or at lead biennial *, ftem much branched, three feet high ; the branches furrowed, purple on their upper fide and in their axilke, as Linnaeus molt truly obferves. Leaves oblong, feflile, undivided, except that the radical ones are frequently grofsly dentated. The herb is rough with hooked bridles. Flowers bright yellow, the lateral ones rifing on elongated branches above that which ter- minates the central dem. Calyx-leaves all rough on the back. Seed-down flightly feathery, feflile.
Dr. Stokes’s remark in the Botanical Arrangement (p. 855, note), that the Hedypnois of Hudfon is an artificial genus, is perfe&ly juft. Its fpecies are no way naturally allied, and the down, being feflile or ftipitate, affords no certain permanent charadler in this tribe,
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[ 197 ]
CAUCALIS daucoides.
Small Caucalis or Bajlard Parjley .
PENTANDRIA Digynia.
Gen. Char. Corolla radiate. Fruit nearly oval, ftriated, rough with rigid bridles. Some flowers abortive.
Spec. Char. General umbels three-cleft, without in- volucra : partial ones ripening about three feeds, and furnifhed with a three-leaved involucrum. Syn. Caucalis daucoides. Linn. Syft. Veg. ed. 14. 276. HudJ. FL An. 112. With. Bot. Arr . 271. Relh. Cant . 109. Sihth. Ox on. 92.
C. leptophylla. HudJ.Fl. An. ed. 1. 99. Linn. Sp. PL ed. 1. 242 ? ed. 2. 347.
C. tenuifolia, flofculis fubrubentibus. Raii Syn. 219.
C. albis floribus. Ger. em. 1021.
F' OUND, though rarely, in cornfields where the foil is dry and chalky, mod plentifully in Cambridgefhire, flowering in the early part of fummer.
The root is annual and tapering. Stem branched and divari- cated, fomewhat zigzag, deeply grooved, a little hairy at the joints only. Leaves three-cleft at their bafe, then thrice com- pounded, their fegmcnts very narrow, divaricated, pointed, de- current and fmooth, of a pale green. Umbels lateral and ter- minal, on long footdalks, of fcarcely more than 3 rays, though thofe are fometimes accompanied by 1 or 2 weak and barren ones. General involucrum none. Partial umbels of about 5 almod feflile flowers, of which 3 only perfeft their feeds, and are accompanied by 3 fmall lanceolate involucella. Petals nearly equal, generally reddifh. Germen and feeds clothed with rigid hooked bridles, intermixed with hairs, but we do not perceive thofe hairs to be, as Linnaeus fays, verticil- lated. That author is Angularly confufed in his accounts of this genus, nor are we quite lure of what he meant at fird by C. leptophylla. It is however certain, that the long defcription of C. daucoides in both editions of Sp. Pi. belongs to C. grandiflora, and not (as erroneoufly mentioned in Syft. Peg.) to C. platycarpos, whatever Linnaeus might at any time intend by the latter.
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C A U C A L I S latifolia.
Broad-leaved Caucalis .
PENTANDRIA Digynia.
Gen. Char. Corolla radiate. Fruit nearly oval, flriated, rough with rigid bridles. Some flowers abortive.
Spec. Char. General umbels three-cleft, with mem- branous involucra : partial ones ripening about 5 feeds. Leaves pinnated, ferrated.
Syn. Caucalis latifolia. Linn . Syft. Veg. ed. 14. 276. Hudf. FI. An. 1 13. With. Bot.Arr. 271. Relb . Cant. 1 10.
C. arvenfis echinata latifolia. Raii Syn. 219. Tordylium latifolium. Linn. Sp. PI. 345. Hudf. FI. An. ed. 1. 98.
This is rather lefs frequent than the laft, but thrives in the fame kind of foils and fituations. It is one of the mod beauti- ful of umbelliferous plants, and makes a confpicuous appear- ance in the dry fields of Cambridgeftiire in July.
Root annual. Stem taller and lefs fpreading than in C. daucoides, but as deeply furrowed, and more rough. Leaves rather glaucous, rough, fimply pinnated, ferrated ; the lower pair of leaflets fometimes compound at the bafe. Umbels of rarely more than 3 rays, with a general involucrum of 3 or 4 fhort ovate leaves, ribbed in the middle, with a membranous border. Partial umbels of feveral nearly feflile flowers, of which about 5 come to perfection. Partial involucra like the general ones. Flowers red, a little radiate. Seeds very rough with reddifh upright ftraight rough briftles.
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[ !99 ]
CAUCALIS nodofa.
Knotted Caucalis .
PENTANDRIA Digynia.
Gen. Char. Corolla radiate. Fruit nearly oval, ftriated, rough with rigid bridles. Some flowers abortive.
Spec. Char. Umbels lateral. Ample, nearly feflile. Syn. Caucalis nodofa. Hudf. FI. An. 114. With. Bet. Arr. 273. Relh . Cant. 111. Sibth. Oxen. 93.
C. nodofa echinato femme. Rail Syn. 220.
Tordylium nodofum. Linn. Sp. PI. 346.
CoMMON on banks and about the borders of fields, ef- pecially on a gravelly or calcareous foil, flowering from May to July, after which its dry ftalks and heads of feeds remain for a confiderable time, and become bleached at length by the weather.
Root annual. Stems proftrate, branched, leafy, ftriated, roughifh with reflexed hairs. Leaves bipinnate, and fliarply cut ; oppofite to each of which, and often partly embraced by its (heathing footftalk, ftands a fmall fimple umbel of feveral minute, white or reddifti, fcarcely radiating, flowers, each on a very fhort flowerftalk, and furrounded by linear hairy in- volucra. The germens and feeds, both in the Linnaean fpe- cimens and in ours, are all rough, the inner ones with warty points, the outermoft, and efpecially on their outfide, with long- ifh, ftraight, rough, rigid hairs, as in other fpecies of Caucalis, to which genus (and not to Tordylium) this plant is furely to be referred upon that account, whether it has any abortive flow- ers or not. Future obfervations muft decide whether the fmoother feeds of the centre are ever really abortive, or deftitute of a vegetative principle. Pra&ical obfervers of nature in the country have it in their power to clear up many points of this kind, relative to the moft common plants, which, if communi- cated from time to time to thofe who have the means of making them public, would materially advance the interefts of fcience.
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[ 200 ]
HELLEBORUS viridis.
Green Hellebore .
POLTANDRIA Polygynia.
Gen. Char. Cal . none. Petals five or more. Nec-
taries tubular, two-lipped. Capfules nearly up- right, with many feeds.
Spec. Char. Stem many-flowered, leafy. Leaves fingered.
Syn. Helleborus viridis. Linn. Sp . Pl. 784. Syft. Veg. ed. 14. 519. Hudf. FI. An. 245. With. Bot. Arr. 581. Relh. Cant. 21 7. Sibtb. Oxon. 176.
H. niger hortenfis, flore viridi. Rail Syn. 271.
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N EITHER of our Hellebores can be called common, but this is the more fcarce of the two. It is found in thickets and drypaftures, chiefly in chalk countries. Mr. Jacob Rayer brought this fpecimen from the woods about Great Marlow and High Wickham, Bucks. It is perennial, and flowers in April or May.
The root is flefhy, acrid and purgative like the reft of its genus, and not inferior to any of them in activity. It throws out many long Ample fibres, and produces a ftem fcarcely a foot high, round, once or twice divided, with a fingered ferrated leaf at each divifion, in form like the radical ones, but fmaller. Lin- naeus in his not very accurate manufcript defcription of this plant, ftill more confufed in Mant . 408, feems to have intended calling thefe ftem-leaves braElea> on account of their analogy with the bra&eae of H. fcetidus, and was thence led into the paradox of denominating the ftem of H. viridis a fcapus, which however he corrected in Sy/l. Veg. We prefer the original jpecific character to that in the place laft mentioned. The flowers are folitary, on Ihortifh footftalks, and green in all their parts. Petals fpreading, permanent. Styles 3 or 4, fcarcely more, sibout as long as the corolla. The whole herb is fmooth, and of a bright Ihining green.
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[ 201 ]
CHELIDONIUM hybridum.
Violet Horned-Poppy .
PO LT AND RIA Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cal. two* leaved. Petals i our. Pcd linear, of one cell.
Spec. Char. FJower-flalks fingle-flowered. Leaves pinnatifid, with linear fegments. Stem fmooth. Pods with three valves.
Syn. Chelidonium hybridum. Linn. Sp. PL 724. HudJ. FI. An. 229. With. Bot . Arr. 549. Relh. Cant . 201.
Papaver corniculatum violaceum. Rati Syn. 309.
Th E corn-fields of Cambridgefhire afford this rare plant, from whence we have juft received it by favour of the Rev. Mr. Hemfted, flowering in the middle of May, a much earlier feafon than is attributed to this fpecies by Mr. Hudfon. It was once obferved in a field 4 miles from Aylfham, in the road from Norwich to Cromer, but is, we believe, unknown in other parts of Britain.
The fmall annual root produces one upright, round, much- branched ftem, clothed with alternate leaves of a dark fhining green, often triply pinnatifid, with linear fegments. The calyx falls off before the flowers are well expanded, and the delicate violet-coloured petals laft but a very few hours. The ftamina are capillary, and not very numerous. Germen linear, trian- gular, with a furrow along each fide, briftly towards the fum- mit, and terminated by three ftigmas. Pod long, of three valves, producing many feeds. A few hairs are fometimes fcattered over the ftem and calyx.
Linnaeus imagines the plant before us may have originated from Papaver Argemone impregnated by fome fpecies of Che- lidonium; but we fee fcarcely any reafon for fuch a fuppofition, nor can we conceive which Chelidonium he had in view.
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[ 202 ]
H Y P N U M intricatum.
Matted Hypnum .
OR TP TO GAM I /l Mufci.
Gen. Char. Capful d with a lid. Veil fmooth. Flower - from a lateral tubercle inverted with fcales. Spec. Char. Shoots creeping, with (hortilh branches. Leaves fpreading, lanceolate, taper-pointed. Cap- 1 ules urn-fhaped, inclining, with a recurved beak. Syn. Hypnum intricatum. Scbreb. b /. Lipf. 99. Bickf. Crypt, fafc. 2. 10. With. Bet . Arr. v. 3. 120.
This mofs was fird difeovered in England by Mr. Robert Teefdale, F.L.S. in fome woods on the fouth-ead fide of the river at Matlock-bath, from whence Dr. Smith fent it to Mr. Dickfon, and from his original fpecimens our figure was drawn. It well agrees with Schreber's defeription, and with the figures of Vaillant quoted by him (tab. 28. f 2,6, 7, 8).
The (hoots thickly interwoven form a clofe dark-green mat on the decayed bark of trees in damp woods, and extend to feveral inches in length. The branches are fhort and (lender, clothed with alternate, lanceolate, (harp-pointed, entire leaves, thofe at the fummit being paled; and, as Schreber remarks, the leaves are mod lax and fpreading in a dried date. Numerous reddifli dalks, fcarcely an inch high, each arifing from an oval bulb at the fide of the dem, bear fmall, (hort, inclining, urn-(haped capfules, red at the margin, and fringed with nu- merous teeth. Their lid is (hort, fwelling, and terminated by a (hortifh recurved beak. Veil (lender, cylindrical, whitilh, but not fo remarkably white and confpicuous as in H. ferpens, which this fpecies otherwife much refembles in habit, though not in the form of its capfules.
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[ 203 ]
ASTRAGALUS glyciphyllos. Sweet Milk-Vetch , or Wild Liquorice .
DIADELPHIA Decandria .
Gen. Char. Pod of two cells, fwelling.
Spec. Char. Stem prodrate. Pods fomewhat tiian- gular, curved. Leaves longer than the fpikes of flowers ; leaflets oval.
Syn. Aftragalus glyciphyllos. Linn . Sp. PI. 1067.
Hud/. FL An. 322. With. Bot. Arr, 787. Re.'h, Cant. 277. Sibtb. Oxen. 227.
A. luteus perennis procumbens, vulgaris five fyl- veflris. Raii Syn. 326.
F' OUND about way fides, borders of fields, and fimilar places, on a chalky or gravelly foil in various parts of England, lefs frequently in Scotland. It is perennial, and flowers in June; the feeds ripen about Auguft.
The Items growing proftrate among grafs and bufhes, added to the greeniih hue of the whole plant, caufe it to be frequently overlooked, though often extending 2 or 3 feet in length. They are more or lefs zigzag, angular and ftriated. Leaves alternate, confiding of about 5 to 7 pair of roundifh or oval leaflets, with an odd one at the end, and a pair of ovate pointed fbipulae at the bafe. Spikes of flowers arife from the bofoms of the leaves, folitary, on foot-ftalks, fhorter than the adjoining leaf. The flowers are pale fulphur-coloured, often with a brownifh tinge. Pods reddifh, inflated, containing many feeds.
The leaves when chewed have a fvveetifh tafte, which foon changes to a naufeous bitter. Cattle are not fond of them.
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[ 204 ]
S I U M latifolium. Broad-leaved Water Parfnep .
PENTANDRIA Digynia.
Gen. Char. Fruit nearly oval, compreffed, flriated. Invclucrum general and partial, of many leaves. Petals heart-fhaped, uniform.
Spec. Char. Leaves pinnated; leaflets oblong-lan- ceolate, equally ferrated. Umbels terminal.
Syn. Sium latifolium. Linn . Sp. PL 361. Hudf. FL An . 118. With . Bot. Arr . 291. Relb. Cant . 115. Sibth. Oxen . 96.
S. latifolium foliis variis. Rai't Syn . 21 1.
SeNT by Mr. Woodward from Norfolk, where it is not un- common, nor is it of very rare occurrence in rivers and fens throughout England; but the umbelliferous tribe has been more overlooked than mofl others, except Cryptogamia. This is one of the largeft Britifh plants of that tribe. Its perennial root, creeping among mud and gravel, throws up round, hollow, deeply furrowed Items 4 or 5 feet in height, clothed with al- ternate leaves, compofed of 7 or 9 leaflets, which vary much in breadth, but are always very equally and neatly ferrated, in which refpedt they differ materially from S. anguftifolium, as well as in being much longer. Mr. Hudfon well remarks, that fuch as grow under water are often laciniated. The umbels are terminal, large, and many-flowered. Involucra various in fize and figure, fometimes lobed and often ferrated. Seeds fmall.
It is a plant of an acrid poifonous quality, particularly the roots.
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[ 2 °5 J
FRANKENIA laevis.
Smooth Sea-Heath.
HEXANDRIA Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cal. 5-clefc, funnel-fhaped. Petals 5.
Stigmas 3. CapJ. of one cel], with 3 valves.
Seec. Char. Leaves linear, cluttered, ciliated at the bafe.
Syn. Frankenia lie vis. Linn. Sp . PI. 473. Hud/. FI. An. 137. With. Bot. Arr. 367. Rdh. Cant . 135.
Lychnis fupina maritima Ericas facie. Rail Syn. 3 38.
A NATIVE of muddy fait marfhes, more efpecially on our caftern coafls. Mr. Lilly Wigg fent it from Yarmouth. It is perennial, and flowers after midfummer.
Root woody. Stems procumbent, round, branched. Leaves in little clutters, fmall, fucculent, linear, or rather lanceolate and revolute, dilated at the bafe into a pair of minute, mem- branous, ciliated ftipulae. Flowers moftly at the divarications of the branches, rarely terminal, folitary, feflile, delicate and elegant in form and colour, like thofe of a little red pink or campion. Calyx with 5 (rarely more) teeth, angular. Ne<ttary a yellow fcale attached to the claw of each petal. Stamina and Piftillum much refembling thofe of the Lychnis tribe, to wrhich the plant before us is nearly allied, though fo different from molt of them in habit.
This genus was firft determined by Micheli, who named it Franca after his friend Franchi, a Florentine phyfician and botanift, born at Lucca, who had a principal hand in founding the Botanical Society of Florence. It fhould feem that Linnaeus did not think this gentleman’s claims to fuch an honour fufli- cient, and therefore changed the name to Frankenia, to perpe- tuate the memory of Frankenius, profeffor at Upfal in the middle of laft century, author of a not very ufeful catalogue of plants called Speculum botanicum , of which there are 2 edi- tions, both at prefent very rare.
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[ 206 ]
H E R N I A R I A glabra.
Smooth Rupture-Wort.
PENT A NDRIA Digynia .
Gen. Char. Cal. in 5 fegments. Cor. none. Five barren Jlamina. Capfule with one feed.
Spec. Char. Herbaceous and finooth.
Syn. Herniaria glabra. Linn. Sp. PI. 317. HudJ. Ft. An. 108. With. Bot . Arr. 250.
Herniaria. Rail Syn . 160.
This was found in Ray’s time in gravelly foil about the Lizard point, Cornwall, where it Hill grows abundantly. The Rev. Mr. Hemfted gathered this wild fpecimen near New- market.
Root taper, annual. Stems feveral, various in length, fpreading flat on the ground in the form of a liar, alternately branched, round, fometimes minutely pubefeent. Leaves op- pofite about the lower part of the Item, one often fmaller than the other, elliptical, entire, fmooth. Stipulae membranous. Flowers in leafy cluftered racemi, oppofite to the folitary leaves, fmall, green, fhort-lived, very numerous. The calyx is clofed after flowering, and embraces the ripening capfule. It flowers about July and Auguft.
Whence this plant obtained its abfurd name, and credit for curing ruptures, is hardly worth enquiring.
The variety j3 of Mr. Hudfon is manifeflly (from Plukenet’s figure copied by Petiver) nothing but Glaux maritima. What H. lenticulata of Linnaeus may be, it is not our purpofe now to determine, but there is much reafon to fuppofe it Crefla cretica.
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GALEOPSIS Tetrahit.
Red Hemp-Nettle.
DID Y N A M 1 A Gymnofpermia .
Gen. Char. Upper lip of the corolla flight ly notched, vaulted; lower lip with two teeth on its upper fide. Spec. Char. Stem (welled below the joints. Upper whorls crowded together. Calyx pungent.
Syn. Galeopfis Tetrahit. Linn. Sp . P/. 8io. HudJ. FL An. 257. JVith. Bot. Arr. 608. Relh. Cant. 228. Lamium cannabino folio vulgare. Rail Syn. 240.
A
TROUBLESOME weed in corn-fields, gardens, &c. on a gravelly foil, but being ftri£Uy annual is eafily eradicated be- fore flowering. The flem is quadrangular, but much fwelled below 2 or 3 of the lowermoft joints. Every part is rough with very (harp, but not venomous, prickles, and the calyx-teeth are very pungent. The herb has a ftrong, not aromatic, odour when bruifed. The corolla varies much in fize and colour, from purple to white, but the bafe of the lip feldom lofes its elegant dark ftreaks. The antherae are Angularly two-lobed, and hairy.
Dr. Smith found at Matlock in 1788 a remarkable variety, whofe terminal flowers were always regularly 4-cleft and falver- (haped, with 4 equal ftamina, while all the reft had their pro- per form, as mentioned in his edition of Linn. Flo. Lapponica t
p. 201.
The beautiful variety £ of Hudfon, with a large yellowifh flower, is fo remarkable, we (hall give a figure of it when it comes in our way ; nor indeed are we quite certain of its not being a diftindl fpecies.
<^>/vrt(/{/ <p f t * Oct '?• 1 704 .
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[ 2o8 ]
GENISTA pilofa.
Hairy Green-Weed '.
D I A D E L P H I A Decandria.
Gen. Char. Cal. 2-lipped, with 2 teeth above, 3 be- low. Standard oblong, bent backwards from the reft of the flower.
Spec. Char. Leaflets lanceolate, obtufe. Stem tuber- culated, proftrate.
Syn. Genifla pilofa. Linn . Sp. PI. 999. HudJ. FI. An. 31 1. With. Bot. Arr. 759.
High Tandy heaths about Bury produce in abundance this very rare plant, and we received it from thence by favour of William Mathew, Efq. flowering in May. After the flowers are paft, it is (as Mr. Woodward obferved) very difficult to be found ; and either from this caufe, or its being extremely local, efcaped the notice of Ray and the accurate obfervers of his day.
Root woody and perennial. Stems like thofe of a dwarf willow, proftrate, branched, tuberculated wherever former leaves have grown, angular and leafy towards their extremities, and their very youngeft branches are filky, like the backs of the leaves, which are ternate, fmall and obtufe. Flowers nume- rous, folitary or in pairs, of a full yellow, with filky footftalks and calyx. The teeth of the latter are all very fhort, and the 2 upper ones broadeft. Seeds about 3 or 4 in the unripe ger- men. The back of the ftandard is often as filky as the calyx, and even the keel is hairy.
[ 2o9 ]
OSMUNDA regalis.
Ofmund royal, or Flowering Fern .
C RT P TO G A MI A Filices , — -fpicata.
Gen. Char. Capfules naked, globofe, two-valved. Spec. Char. Frond bipinnate, terminating in a com- pound duller of fructification.
Syn. Ofmunda regalis. Linn. Sp. PL 1521. Hud/, FI. An. 449. With. Bot. Arr. v. 3. 47.
Filix ramofa non dentata florida. Rail Syn. 123.
OsMUNDA belongs to that tribe of ferns whofe fru&ifl- cation, inftead of being borne on the back of the frond, is pro- duced by a metamorphofis, as it were, of the leaf itfelf ; neither are the capfules bound with a ring, as in molt of the dorfiferous ferns. See an excellent note of Dr. Stokes’s Bot. Arr. v. 3. 46. and Dr. Smith’s paper de Jilicum getieribus dorjiferarum , in the 5th vol. of the Memoirs of the Turin Acad. p. 147.
The fpecies before us occurs here and there in watery {hady meadows and fpongy bogs, making a confpicuous figure with its clufters of fructification in July or Auguft. Its root is large and woody, a decoCtion or extradt of which is efteemed in Switzerland very ufeful for curing the rickets. Fronds feveral, 3 or 4 feet high, not unlike in hue and figure to young afh trees, as Gerarde obferves ; they are bipinnate, the leaflets alternate or oppofite occafionally, finely ferrated, and often flightly lobed at the bafe. The clufters are thrice com- pounded, bearing roundifh tufts of innumerable bivalve cap- fules, full of minute feeds. A magnified figure of the cap- fule has, by accident, been omitted in our plate, but we fhall take a future opportunity of exhibiting the generic character.
Ray, in the ift edition of his Synopfis, p. 2 6, has defcribed and figured young plants of this fpecies as a new fern, by the name of Hemionitis pumila trifolia vel quinquefolia maritima .
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MARCHANTIA polymorpha,
Star-headed Marchantia.
, CRY PTOGAMIA Ah*.
Gen. Char. Male. Calyx falver-fhaped, with nume- rous anther a imbedded in its difk.
Female. Cal. peltate, flowering beneath. Capfules burfting at their fummit. Seeds attached to elaflic fibres.
Spec. Char. Calyx of the female flowers cloven into about ten narrow fegments.
Syn. Marchantia polymorpha. Linn. Sp. PI. 1603. Hud f. FI. An. 519. With. Bot. Arr . v. 3. 15S. Sibth. Oxon. 313. Redo. Cant . 420.
Lichen petrous latifolius, five Hepatica fontana. Rail Syn . 115.
L. fontanus major, ftellatus zeque, ac umbellatus, et cyathophorus. Dill. Mufc. 523. t. 76./. 6.
(3 L. domefticus minor, &c. Ibid. 527. /. 77./. 7.
Very common in damp places, about fprings, wells, and fhady moift court-yards. Gardeners find it troublefome in over-running the mould of their garden-pots. It is perennial, flowering about midfummer.
The fronds fpread horizontally, creeping on the ground by means of denfe fibrous radicles ; they are bluntly lobed, of a dark Alining green, and more or lefs reticulated. In the variety /3 they are fmaller, more opake, and fcarcely reticulated at all. Their upper furface is ftudded with feveral pale dentated cups, half-filled with little green lenticular bodies, which are young plants, analogous to the flem-bulbs of the Orange Lily, and other viviparous plants, though miftaken by Dilleniusand Lin- naeus for feeds. Hedwig has fiift afcertained the true nature of the fructification, the parts of which are indeed faith- fully delineated by Dillenius, but he did not underftand their ceconomy. We have followed Hedwig’s opinion, confirmed by obfervation, in the character given above. The hairs with which the feeds are connedted appear from their elafticity to have a kind of fpontaneous motion, and are well worth notice.
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LICHEN Roccella.
Dyers Lichen , or Orchall.
C R T P T 0 GAM I A Alga.
Gen. Char. Male, fcattered warts.
Female, fmooth lhields or tubercles, in which the feeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Shrubby, folid, cylindrical, without leaves, but little branched. Tubercles alternate, powdery.
Syn. Lichen Roccella. Linn. Sp. PI. 1622. Dick/. Crypt, fafe. 3. 19. Smith's Tour, v. 1. 198.
Coralloides corniculatum fafciculare tin&orium, Fuci teretis facie. Dill. Mufc. 120. /. 17 ./. 39.
Mr . DICKSON has lately admitted this Lichen as a Britifh native, on the authority of Mr. Goflelin, who found it in Guernfey. Our fpecimen was gathered by Lord Vifcount Lewifham on Portland Ifland. It grows on maritime rocks, very common in the Mediterranean and the Levant. Linnxus had it too from China.
Its folid bafe is firmly fixed to the rocks, and produces a thick tuft of worm-like Items, round, acutely pointed, often curved, more or lefs branched, fmooth, of a white, gray or brownifh hue, and fludded about their upper part with fcat- tered tubercles, replete with white powder, which fome have thought the feeds. Dillenius feems to think thefe tubercles may be only the fpots where fcutellx have flood ; in fa£t, the fructification of this fpecies is not well known.
As an article of commerce it is of very great importance, being extremely valuable for dyeing wool or filk any fhade of purple or crimfon. For this purpofe it is fteeped in volatile alkali, commonly diftilled from urine. Dillenius mentions 80I. fterling per ton as a great price for Orchall, being almoft as much again as it coft in the Archipelago, fo much better a judge w as he of Lichens than of the comfortable emoluments of trade ! It has fince been fold at 1000I. in times of fcarcity.
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B Y S S U S aut^a.
Golden Byjfus .
CRYPTO GAM I A Alg*.
Gen. Char. Whole plant confiding of down or fimple powder. Fructification unknown.
Spec. Char. Filaments fimple or branched, clofely matted together, powdery, orange-coloured.
Syn. ByfTus aurea. Linn. Sp . PL 1638. Hudf. FL An. 606. With. Bot. Arr. v. 3. 276. Relb. Cant. 446. Sihth. Oxen. 338.
B. aureus Derbienfis humifufus. Raii Syn. 56.
B. petr^a crocea, glomerulis lanuginofis. DHL Mufic . 8. /. 1. /. 16.
This ByfTus thrives beft in a pure air, always in moift fhady places ; and although moft abundant and luxuriant on the cal- careous rocks and banks of Derbyfhire, yet it is found occafion- ally on damp limeftone buildings, and in chalk-pits in other parts of England. We procured it plentifully from a chalk- pit near Gad’s-hill, Kent, in June laft.
It often uniformly covers a fpace of many inches in diame- ter, and looks like a fine piece of orange- coloured cloth or vel- vet ; fometimes the furface is more tufted, broken and irregu- lar, and it frequently grows in a draggling manner, fcattered over modes. When of any confiderable fize, it is a very con- fpicuous and beautiful objedt. Its fine colour is not however permanent ; for although this colour does not change (as authors report) immediately upon drying, but generally lafls till 5 or 6 weeks afterwards, yet at that period, or fometimes earlier, the whole plant becomes of a greenifh gray, which never changes. The cruft is often -§- of an inch in thicknefs, and, from a curious fpecimen in Dr. Smith’s poffeflion, appears to grow in a con^ centric manner. The fibres are very fine, thick fet, eredl, moftly branched, and ftrongly matted together.
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[ 213 ]
P Y R O L A rotundifolia.
Round-leaved Winter-green .
D E C A N D R I A Monogynta.
Gen. Char. Cal. 5-cleft. Petals 5. Cap/. 5-celIed, burfting at the angles.
Spec. Char. Stamina pointing upwards, dyle down- wards.
Syn. Pyrola rotundifolia. Linn. Sp. PI. 567. Hud/ FI. An. 175. With. Bot . Ayr. 429.
Pyrola. Raii Syn. 363.
VV E have already given the figures of two rare fpecies of this pretty genus, and under the laft (t. 158) promifed as foon as poflible to exhibit P. rotundifolia, which we are now ena- bled to do by means of a fpecimen gathered by the accurate and indefatigable Mr. Wigg, among bufhes on a common at Bradwell not far from Yarmouth, where the plant grows fparing- ly, and is elfewhere, even amongi ts favourite mountains of the north, very rarely to be found. It flowers moftly about July, and is perennial.
The root and leaves agree very much with thofe of P. minor, except that the latter, as well as the flowers, are larger. The calyx is longer, and more lanceolate, but the eflential dif- ference confifts in the ftamina being all bent, as if for ftielter, towards the upper fide of the flower, while the ftyle (much longer than that of P. minor) is curved downwards in as Angu- lar a manner, and again recurved to catch the pollen. The ftigma terminates in five blunt tubercles.
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DIANTHUS Caryophyllus.
Clove Pink , or Carnation .
DEC AND RIA Digynia.
Gen. Char. Cal. cylindrical, of one leaf, with about 4 fcales at the bafe. Petals 5, furnifhed with claws. Cap/, cylindrical, one-celled.
Spec. Char. Flowers folitary. Scales of the calyx almoft rhomboid, and very lliort. Petals notched, beard lefs.
Syn. Dianthus Caryophyllus. Linn . Sp. PI. 587. UudJ. FI. An. 184. With. Bot. Arr% 441. Smith in Linn . Lranf. v. 2. 299.
Caryophyllus fimplex flore minore pallido rubente. Raii Syn. 336.
(jATHERED on the walls of Rochefter caftle in June laft. It is plentiful on walls in that neighbourhood, and fome- times occurs about thofe of other old towns. Ray and Hud- fon take it for an outcaft of gardens. Indeed it varies in fize and colour, like all plants fo circumftanced. Ours is furely the plant of Ray, and, we think, ought to be efteemed the real original fpecies, rather than a variety as marked by Mr. Hud- fon. It agrees precifely with the fpecimens of Linnaeus.
The root is perennial, and runs deep into the mortar, pro- ducing feveral tufts of channelled glaucous leaves, finely denti- culated a little above the bafe, but in the upper part perfectly entire and fmooth at the margin. The llem is panicled, bearing many folitary (not fafciculated) flowers, of a light red or flelh-colour ; their petals unequally notched, fmooth at the orifice 5 calyx ftriated, with 4 fcales not a third of its length, the 2 outermoft rhomboid, 2 innermoft wedge-Ihaped, even broader than they are long, with a fmall point, all of them ribbed. The {lamina are fometimes very fhort, and perhaps in that cafe abortive, as in Arenaria dianthoides, Smith lc. t. 16. The ftyles are commonly long, recurved, and downy on the upper fide.
What Mr. Doody meant by a €S hairy fpecies, frequent in Kent, and found likewife in other places,” diftindt from the above* we are at a lofs to determine.
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[ 2I5 j
POTAMOGETON pufillum.
Small Pond-weed \
TETRANDR I A Eetragynia.
Gen. Char. Cal. none. Petals 4. Style none. Seeds 4. Spec. Char. Leaves linear, oppofi.e and alternate, diftindt, fpreading from the bafe. Stem cylindrical. Syn. Potamogeton pufillum. Linn . Sp. PI. 184.
HudJ. FI. An. 77. With. Bot.Arr. 176. Relb. Cant. 73. Sibth. Oxen. 66.
P. pufillum, gramineo folio, caule tereti. Ran
Syn. 150.
N OT very uncommon in ponds and ditches throughout England. The root has all the appearance of being perennial (though Linnaeus marks it as annual), and feveral fibres are thrown out from the lower part of the ftem, which is round, very {lender, and alternately branched above. Leaves linear, very narrow, moftly alternate, but oppofite under every flower- ftalk, feflile, fpreading from the very bafe, and not fheathing the (tern, their margin perfectly fmooth and entire. Stipulae membranous, lanceolate, inferted above each leaf, and embrac- ing die ftem. Flower-ftalks axillary, frequently terminal till the ftem fhoots beyond them, fhorter than the leaves, each bearing a fpike of 3 or 4 greenifh flowers in the middle of fummer.
The able authors of the Bot. Arrangement have in this inftance not tranflated the fpecific character of Linnaeus with their ufual accuracy. Neither do we conceive the feales mentioned in Dr. Withering’s defeription to be bratlez, or belonging to the flower-ftalks ; it is evident, from an infpection of the plant, they are real Jlipula intrafoliacez.
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[ 216 ]
S C I R P U S fluitans.
Floating Club-rujh .
TRIANDR1A Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Glumes chaffy, imbricated every way, all fertile. Cor. none. Seed i, beardlefs.
Spec. Char. Flower flalks round, naked, alternate. Stem leafy, flaccid,
Syn. Scirpus fluitans, Linn. Sp. PL 7 1 . HudJ. FI. Ain. 18. With. Bot. Arr. 48. Sibth . G xon. 23.
Sc. Equifeti capitulo minori. Raii Syn . 43 1.
This occurs in ditches, and in little pools upon grafly com- mons and heaths, the water of which is apt to be dried up in fummer, but is by no means a common fpecies. It may be found on St. Faith’s bogs near Norwich, on Hounflow Heath, and Epping Forelt, flowering in June and July.
The root is perennial, and the Items throw out many long radicles as they ftretch in a floating pofition many together over the furface of the water. The leaves are alternate, fheathing at their bafe, and then much divaricated, partly floating, partly above the water. The fpikes Hand erect above the furface, and, though fmall, are confpicuous by their number and whitilh colour. Each confifts of but few flowers, whofe glumes are not much Ihorter than the ftamina, and the two lowermoft are particularly large, fo as to appear like braCteae ; but they have always parts of fructification belonging to them. The Itigmata are only two in number.
1
2 !(f .
1 N D E
X
OF THE ENGLISH NAMES
IN VOL. III.
|
i\pPLE, wild |
Tab. 179 |
|
|
Broom-rape, branched |
- |
184 |
|
Bryum, chalk |
- |
191 |
|
* rigid |
- |
180 |
|
Buglofs, viper’s |
- |
181 |
|
Batter wort, pale |
- |
>45 |
|
Byflus, golden |
- |
2 1 2 |
|
purple |
- |
I92 |
|
Campion, bladder |
- |
164 |
|
Carnation |
- |
214 |
|
Caucalis, broad-leaved |
- |
I98 |
|
— knotted |
- |
>99 |
|
■ fmall |
- |
197 |
|
Chickweed, fea |
- |
189 |
|
Cinquefoil, marlh |
- |
172 |
|
Clary, meadow |
- |
>53 |
|
wild |
- |
154 |
|
Club-rulh, floating |
- |
216 |
|
Crab-tree |
- |
179 |
|
Cranes-bill, dove’s-foot |
- |
>57 |
|
Crefs, wall |
- |
178 |
|
Cup-fern, laciniated |
- |
163 |
|
Fern, flowering |
- |
209 |
|
Filmy-leaf, Tunbridge - |
- |
162 |
|
Flea-wort, marlh |
- |
|
|
mountain |
- |
152 |
|
Green-weed, hairy |
- |
208 |
|
Hawkweed, rough fuccory |
- |
149 |
|
Heath, fmooth fea |
- |
205 |
|
Hellebore, green |
- |
200 |
|
Hemp-nettle, red |
- |
207 |
|
Horned-poppy, violet |
- |
201 |
|
Hypnum, matted |
- |
202 |
|
jungermannia, many-lobed |
- |
186 |
|
flippery |
- |
|
|
Lichen, dyer’s |
- |
2 I I |
|
— rein-deer |
- |
>73 |
|
- |
>55 |
|
|
— — fliort perforated - |
- |
174 |
|
— — — — funk |
- |
>93 |
Tit.
|
Lichen, tartareous * |
- |
>56 |
|
yellow wall |
- |
194 |
|
Liquorice, wild |
- |
203 |
|
Loofeftrife, tufted |
- |
176 |
|
Maiden-hair, white |
- |
150 |
|
Mallow, marlh |
- |
>47 |
|
Marchantia, ftar-headed |
- |
210 |
|
Milk-vetch, fweet |
- |
203 |
|
Nettle, roman |
- |
148 |
|
Orache, frofted fea |
. |
165 |
|
Orchall |
- |
21 1 |
|
Ofmund royal |
- |
209 |
|
Ox-tongue, hawkweed |
- |
196 |
|
Parfley, baftard fmall |
- |
>97 |
|
Parfnep, water |
- |
204 |
|
Pea, marlh everlafting |
- |
169 |
|
Pearl-wort, moufe-ear |
- |
166 |
|
Pepper-wort, broad-leaved |
_ |
182 |
|
Pink, clove |
- |
214 |
|
Plantain, fea |
- |
175 |
|
Pond-weed, perfoliate |
• |
168 |
|
fmall |
- |
215 |
|
Rofe, burnet |
. |
187 |
|
white dog |
- |
188 |
|
Rue, wall |
- |
150 |
|
Rupture -wort, fmooth |
- |
206 |
|
Saxifrage, hairy |
- |
167 |
|
Spurge, fea |
- |
>95 |
|
Stone-crop, englilh |
- |
171 |
|
rock |
. |
170 |
|
Thiftle, dwarf, |
- |
161 |
|
meadow |
- |
177 |
|
Trefoil, zigzag |
- |
190 |
|
Water-lily, white |
- |
160 |
|
■ yellow |
- |
>59 |
|
Willow, creeping dwarf |
- |
>83 |
|
Winter-green, lelfer |
. |
158 |
|
round-leaved |
- |
213 |
|
- — . (ingle -flowered |
14* |
SYSTEMATICAL INDEX
TO
VOL. III.
Diandria,
PTab.
INGU1CULA lufitanica - 145 Salvia pratenfis - - - 153
- verbenaca - - - 154
* Triandria .
Scirpus fluitans - - -216
Tetrandrla.
Plantago maritima - 1 75
Sagina ceraftoides - - - 166
Potamogeton perfoliatum - 168
. — — pufillum - - 215
Pentandria.
Echium vulgare - 181
Lylimachia thyrfiflora - - 176 Herniaria glabra - - 206
Caucalis daucoides - - ig7
latifolia - - 198
• - - nodofa - - - 199
Sium latifolium - 204
Hex an dr ia.
Frankenia laevis - 205
Decandria.
Pyrola rotundifolia - - - 213
— ■ — minor - 15^
« ■■ uniflora - - - 146
Saxifraga ftellaris - - 167
Dianthus Caryophyllus - - 214
Cucubalus Behen - - - 164
Arenaria peploides - - 189
Sedum rupeftre - - - 170
anglicum - - - 17 *
Dodecandria .
Euphorbia paralia - - -195
Icofandria,
Pyrus Malus - - - *79
Rofa fpinofiffima - - - 187
arvenfis - - - 1 88
Comarum paluftre - - - 172
Polyandria.
Chelidonium hybridum - - 201
Nymphaea lutea - - *59
. alba - - *6o
Helleborus viridis - “ 200
Didynamia.
Galeopfis Tetrahit - “ 2°7
Orobanche ramol'a - - 184
Tetr adynamia.
|
Lepidium latifolium |
Tab. 182 |
|
|
Arabis Turrita |
- |
178 |
|
Monadelphia. |
||
|
Geranium rotundifolium |
- |
*57 |
|
Althaea officinalis |
- |
147 |
|
Diadelphia. |
||
|
Genifta pilofa |
- |
208 |
|
Lathyrus paluftris |
- |
169 |
|
Aftragalus glyciphyllos |
- |
203 |
|
Trifolium medium |
* |
190 |
|
Syngenejia, |
||
|
Crepis biennis |
- |
149 |
|
Picris hieracioides |
- |
196 |
|
Carduus pratenfis |
- |
177 |
|
acaulis |
- |
161 |
|
Cineraria paluftris |
- |
*5* |
|
integri folia |
- |
152 |
|
Monoecia. |
||
|
Urtica pilulifera |
- |
148 |
|
Dioecia . |
||
|
Salix repens |
- |
183 |
|
Poly garni a. |
||
|
Atriplex laciniata |
i65 |
|
|
Cryptogamia, |
||
|
Ofmunda regalis |
- |
209 |
|
Afplenium Ruta-muraria |
■ |
150 |
|
Cyathea incifa |
- |
163 |
|
Hymenophyllum Tunbridgenfe Bryum rigidum |
- |
162 180 |
|
calcareum |
- |
191 |
|
Hypnum intricatum |
- |
202 |
|
Tungermannia pinguis . multifida |
_ |
185 186 |
|
Marchantia polymorpha |
- |
210 |
|
Lichen fanguinarius |
- |
*55 |
|
immerfus |
- |
*93 |
|
— tartareus |
- |
156 |
|
- parietinus |
- |
194 |
|
. uncialis |
- |
174 |
|
rangiferinus |
- |
*73 |
|
Roccella |
- |
211 |
|
Byffus purpurea aurea |
192 212 |
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
TO
VOL. III.
|
,AlTH^A officinalis |
. |
Tab. 147 |
|
Arabis Turrita |
- |
178 |
|
Aren aria peploides |
- |
189 |
|
Afplenium Ruta-muraria |
- |
150 |
|
Aftragalus glyciphyllos |
- |
203 |
|
A triplex laciniata |
- |
165 |
|
Bryum calcareum |
- |
191 |
|
rigidum |
- |
180 |
|
Byflus aurea |
- |
212 |
|
" purpurea |
- |
192 |
|
Carduus acaulis |
- |
161 |
|
■ pratenfis |
- |
177 |
|
Caucalis daucoides |
- |
197 |
|
- latifolia |
_ |
198 |
|
_ |
199 |
|
|
Chelidonium hybridum |
- |
201 |
|
Cineraria integrifolia |
- |
152 |
|
— — — paluftris |
- |
151 |
|
Comarum paluftre |
172 |
|
|
Crepis biennis |
_ |
149 |
|
Cucubalus Behen |
- |
164 |
|
Cyathea incifa |
- |
163 |
|
Dianthus Caryophyllus |
- |
214 |
|
Echium vulgare |
- |
181 |
|
Euphorbia paralia |
- |
*95 |
|
Frankenia laevis |
- |
205 |
|
Galeopfis Tetrahit |
- |
207 |
|
Genifta pilofa |
- |
208 |
|
Geranium rotundifolium |
_ |
*57 |
|
Helleborus viridis |
200 |
|
|
Herniaria glabra |
- |
206 |
|
Hymenophyllum Tunbiidgenfe |
162 |
|
|
Hypnum intricatum |
- |
202 |
|
Jungermannia multifida |
- |
186 |
|
pinguis |
- |
185 |
|
Lathyrus paluftris |
- |
169 |
|
Tab. |
||
|
Lepidium latifolium |
- |
182 |
|
Lichen immerfus |
- |
*93 |
|
parietinus |
- |
*94 |
|
■ rangiferinus |
- |
*73 |
|
■ ■ ■ ■ Roccella |
- |
21 1 |
|
fanguinarius |
- |
*55 |
|
— tartareus |
- |
156 |
|
uncialis |
- |
174 |
|
Lyfimachia thyrfiflora |
- |
176 |
|
Marchantia polymorpha |
- |
210 |
|
Nymphaea alba |
- |
160 |
|
lutea |
- |
*59 |
|
Orobanche ramofa |
- |
184 |
|
Ofmunda regalis |
- |
209 |
|
Picris hieracioides |
- |
196 |
|
Pinguicula lufitanica |
- |
*45 |
|
Plantago maritima |
- |
175 |
|
Potamogeton perfoliatum |
- |
168 |
|
pufillum |
_ |
215 |
|
Pyrola minor |
- |
*58 |
|
rotundifolia |
213 |
|
|
uniflora |
146 |
|
|
Pyrus Malus |
_ |
i79 |
|
Rofa arvenfis |
_■ |
188 |
|
fpinofiffima |
_ |
*87 |
|
Sagina ceralfoides |
_ |
166 |
|
Salix repens |
- |
183 |
|
Salvia pratenfis |
_ |
*53 |
|
verbenaca |
_ |
*54 |
|
Saxifraga ftellaris |
_ |
167 |
|
Scirpus fluitans |
- |
216 |
|
Sedum anglicum |
- |
171 |
|
rupeftre |
- |
170 |
|
Sium latifolium |
_ |
204 |
|
Trifolium medium |
190 |
|
|
Urtica pilulifera |
- |
148 |
Note y The Orobanche ramofa, tab. 184, is drawn from a fpecimen whofe root had been wounded by fome infedt, and is therefore more Iwelled than in its natural Hate. Mr. Woodward.
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